Imaging with penetrating radiation for the study of small dynamic physical processes
Imaging with penetrating radiation for the study of small dynamic physical processes
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DOI：
10.1017/s0263034615000282
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Merrill, F. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Merrill, F. E.
自从伦琴在19世纪末发现X射线以来，使用穿透辐射形成图像已经成为我们日常生活的一部分，并为以前无法测量的过程的科学研究提供了有用的工具。这可以包括研究那些嵌入不透明材料太深而无法直接观察的过程，或者那些发生在比其他方式更短的长度或时间尺度上的过程。随着产生穿透辐射和快速收集图像的技术已经成熟，新技术已经出现，可以测量隐藏多年的过程。一个例子是使用带电粒子作为射线照相探针的闪光射线照相术的进展，包括质子射线照相术和电子射线照相术。最近质子显微镜系统的成功调试提供了显着的改善空间分辨率。这些技术正在实施的应用与电子射线照相。随着这些新技术的发展，有机会选择为所需测量提供最大信息的探头。本文介绍了这些新的成像技术，预测高能电子射线照相术的能力，并提供了一个指导，以确定最佳探头的广泛的测量。
Since Roentgen's discovery of X rays in the late 1800s the use of penetrating radiation to form images has become a part of our everyday life as well as providing a useful tool for the scientific study of processes that have been previously impossible to measure. This can include the study of processes that are too deeply embedded in opaque materials for direct observation, or that occur on a length or time scale smaller than otherwise can be easily measured. As technologies to generate penetrating radiation and quickly collect images have matured, new techniques have emerged to measure processes that have been hidden for many years. One example is advances in flash radiography using charged particles as radiographic probes, including proton radiography and electron radiography. Recently the successful commissioning of proton microscope systems has provided remarkable improvements in spatial resolution. These techniques are being implemented for applications with electron radiography. With the evolution of these new techniques comes the opportunity to choose the probe that provides the maximum information for the desired measurement. This paper describes these new imaging techniques, predicts the capabilities of high-energy electron radiography, and provides a guide for identifying the optimal probe for a wide range of measurements.