Conceptualizing task affordance in online crowdsourcing context
Conceptualizing task affordance in online crowdsourcing context
复制标题
在线众包背景下概念化任务可供性
DOI：
10.1108/oir-06-2015-0192
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Qinghua Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yuxiang Chris Zhao;Qinghua Zhu
目的——本文的目的是提出一个新的概念——众包环境中的任务支持，并将其构建为一个理论视角，以帮助作者在面向任务的众包项目中重新配置工件和过程。与以往的研究不同，本文关注的是众包过程中任务工件、系统和目标导向的参与者之间的关系，而不是单纯地考察任务属性。设计/方法论/方法——提出了任务供给的可操作性定义，并采用基于伪实体-关系模型的方法来描述在线众包环境中的任务供给。在此基础上，作者构建了任务供给的类型学，并将其分解为五个维度，即设计供给、呈现供给、任务分配供给、任务平台契合性供给和任务工作者契合性供给。对不同众包类别的任务能力进行了初步分析，以验证所提出的类型框架。调查结果-调查结果表明，任务负担在不同的众包类别中有不同的程度和扩展。例如，在人群处理和人群评价案例中，任务设计的支持度似乎比在人群解决和人群创造案例中要低。又如，在任务呈现的可视性方面，人群评价的情况需要最低的可视性，而人群创造的情况需要最高的可视性。因此，作者想强调的是，面向任务的众包的成功采用、实施和设计归功于对众包项目的参与者、工件和环境之间关系的仔细检查。原创性/价值——据作者所知，本文是第一个将在线众包背景下的任务可视性概念化的研究。本研究有助于全面概述众包中任务相关研究的学术文献，这些研究分散在几个信息相关领域。此外，由于对研究人、信息和技术相互作用的环境和背景的共同兴趣，本研究直接有助于信息科学和技术领域。实际上，本研究可能会对请求者和平台运营者在设计相关任务或开发特定的众包平台时产生一些启示。
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a new concept -task affordance in crowdsourcing context, and build it as a theoretical lens to help the authors reconfigure the artifacts and process in task-oriented crowdsourcing projects. The paper differs from previous studies by focusing on the relationships between the task artifacts, systems and goal-directed actors in crowdsourcing process rather than on the pure examination of task properties. .Design/methodology/approach - An operational definition of task affordance was proposed and a pseudo-entity-relationship model based approach was employed to portrait the task affordance in online crowdsourcing context. Furthermore, the authors developed a typology of task affordance and decomposed the concept into five dimensions, namely, design affordance, presentation affordance, assignment affordance, task-platform fit affordance, and task-worker fit affordance. A preliminary analysis of task affordances across various crowdsourcing categories was also conducted to validate the proposed typological framework. .Findings - The findings show that the task affordances have varying degree and extend among the diverse crowdsourcing categories. For instance, task design affordances seem to be low in the crowd processing and crowd rating cases compared with that in the crowd solving and crowd creation cases. For another example, in terms of the task presentation affordance, crowd rating cases need the lowest affordance while the crowd creation cases need the highest affordance. Therefore, the authors would like to emphasize that the successful adoption, implementation, and design of the task-oriented crowdsourcing owes to the careful examination of the relationships among the actors, artifacts, and environment of the crowdsourcing projects. .Originality/value - To the authors' best knowledge, this paper is the first study on conceptualizing the task affordance in online crowdsourcing context. The study contributes to the academic literature on a comprehensive overview of task-related studies in crowdsourcing, which are scattered in several information related fields. Furthermore, this research contributes directly to the area of information science and technology due to a common interest in studying the environments and contexts in which people, information and technology interact and interplay. Practically, this study may yield some implications for the requester and platform operator when designing the relevant tasks or developing the specific crowdsourcing platform.