The signed mental lexicon: Effects of phonological neighborhood density, iconicity, and childhood language experience
The signed mental lexicon: Effects of phonological neighborhood density, iconicity, and childhood language experience
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2021.104282
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发表时间：
2021-08-12
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Cohen-Goldberg, Ariel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caselli, Naomi K.;Emmorey, Karen;Cohen-Goldberg, Ariel M.
人们对心理词汇的了解大多来自于对口语及其书面形式的研究。符号与口语/书面语有两个重要的区别，这可能会影响词汇识别：它们的语音组成是独特的（例如，比序列结构更同步；很少有最小对），许多符号是标志性的。通过对美国手语（ASL）的无启动词汇决策任务和对任何一种手语的语音邻域密度的初步估计，我们发现语音邻域密度对低频符号的潜伏期有抑制作用。这是第一个明确的证据，表明语音邻居在符号识别过程中会自发竞争。象似性对正确率有负向影响，但对反应时间没有影响，表明象似性在任务相关决策过程中起作用，而对词汇检索不起作用。许多聋哑人的母语习得延迟，我们发现语言剥夺对语音加工和手语识别的速度和准确性有持久的负面影响。这项工作表明，口语和手语的词汇都是按形式组织的，词汇识别是通过基于形式的竞争发生的（最明显的是低频项目），即使在词汇中普遍存在象似性，形式-意义映射也不会驱动词汇访问。
Most of what is known about the mental lexicon comes from studies of spoken language and their written forms. Signs differ from spoken/written words in two important ways that may affect lexical recognition: their phonological composition is unique (e.g., more simultaneous than serial structure; few minimal pairs) and many signs are iconic. Using an unprimed lexical decision task in American Sign Language (ASL) and the first available estimates of phonological neighborhood density for any sign language, we found that phonological neighborhood density had an inhibitory effect on latency among low frequency signs. This is the first clear evidence that phonological neighbors spontaneously compete during sign recognition. Iconicity negatively affected accuracy but not reaction times, suggesting that iconicity plays a role in task-related decision processes but not lexical retrieval. Many deaf signers have delayed first language acquisition, and we found that language deprivation had lasting, negative effects on phonological processing and sign recognition speed and accuracy. This work indicates that the lexicons of both spoken and signed languages are organized by form, that lexical recognition occurs through form-based competition (most evident for low frequency items), and that form-meaning mappings do not drive lexical access even when iconicity is pervasive in the lexicon.