Watching You Watch: The Tracking Ecosystem of Over-the-Top TV Streaming Devices

Watching You Watch: The Tracking Ecosystem of Over-the-Top TV Streaming Devices
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看你看:顶级电视流媒体设备的跟踪生态系统

DOI:
10.1145/3319535.3354198
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
2019 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security CCS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Narayanan, Arvind
Narayanan, Arvind
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mohajeri Moghaddam, Hooman;Acar, Gunes;Burgess, Ben;Mathur, Arunesh;Huang, Danny Yuxing;Feamster, Nick;Felten, Edward W.;Mittal, Prateek;Narayanan, Arvind

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近年来,互联网连接的电视设备的数量显著增长,特别是过顶(“OTT”)流媒体设备,例如Roku TV和Amazon Fire TV。OTT设备提供了多频道电视订阅服务的替代方案,并且通常通过行为广告来货币化。为了揭示这些平台的隐私实践,我们开发了一个系统,可以自动下载OTT应用程序(也称为通道),并与它们交互,同时拦截网络流量并执行最佳TLS拦截。我们使用这个智能爬虫访问了两个流行的OTT平台上的2,000多个频道,即Roku和Amazon Fire TV。我们的研究结果表明,跟踪在两个OTT平台上都很普遍,已知跟踪器的流量出现在69%的Roku频道和89%的Amazon Fire TV频道上。我们还发现收集和传输唯一标识符的广泛做法,例如设备ID,序列号,WiFi MAC地址和SSID,有时通过未加密的连接。最后,我们表明,这些设备上可用的对策,如限制广告跟踪选项和广告拦截,实际上是无效的。根据我们的研究结果,我们为研究人员、监管机构、政策制定者和平台/应用程序开发人员提出了建议。
The number of Internet-connected TV devices has grown significantly in recent years, especially Over-the-Top ("OTT") streaming devices, such as Roku TV and Amazon Fire TV. OTT devices offer an alternative to multi-channel television subscription services, and are often monetized through behavioral advertising. To shed light on the privacy practices of such platforms, we developed a system that can automatically download OTT apps (also known as channels), and interact with them while intercepting the network traffic and performing best-effort TLS interception. We used this smart crawler to visit more than 2,000 channels on two popular OTT platforms, namely Roku and Amazon Fire TV. Our results show that tracking is pervasive on both OTT platforms, with traffic to known trackers present on 69% of Roku channels and 89% of Amazon Fire TV channels. We also discover widespread practice of collecting and transmitting unique identifiers, such as device IDs, serial numbers, WiFi MAC addresses and SSIDs, at times over unencrypted connections. Finally, we show that the countermeasures available on these devices, such as limiting ad tracking options and adblocking, are practically ineffective. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for researchers, regulators, policy makers, and platform/app developers.
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