Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary
Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary
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DOI：
10.1080/1369183x.2017.1384149
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Oeppen, Ceri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erdal, Marta Bivand;Oeppen, Ceri
本文通过促进承认强迫移民和自愿移民是经验的连续体而不是二分法来考察移民决策中的自愿性。尽管呼吁进行互动，但总体而言，关于与冲突有关的移徙和移民的研究仍然缺乏联系。这反映了强迫与自愿二分法在学术界内外的粘性，这与扰乱学术界并可能损害移民保护权利的政治影响密切相关。我们深入研究了移民自愿性的概念，并认为有必要将自愿性评估与可用的替代方案联系起来。根据对来自阿富汗和巴基斯坦的前往欧洲的人们的定性研究，我们深入研究了移民的三种具体表现：移民自身的经历、学术定性观察和移民当局的标签。将移民分析为过程中的各个阶段：离开 - 旅程（和过境） - 到达和定居 - 返回或继续移民，我们强调了被描述为被迫或自愿移民的具体影响。当庇护身份岌岌可危时，贴上“强迫”（或非强迫）标签对于移民和国家来说很重要。对于移民学者来说，将这些描述与移民管理的国家系统脱钩仍然具有挑战性。尽管这样做可以增强我们对自愿在移民决策中所扮演的角色的理解。
This article examines voluntariness in migration decisions by promoting the acknowledgement of forced and voluntary migration as a continuum of experience, not a dichotomy. Studies on conflict-related migration and migration, in general, remain poorly connected, despite calls for interaction. This reflects the forced-voluntary dichotomy's stickiness within and beyond academia, which is closely connected to the political implications of unsettling it and potentially undermining migrants' protection rights. We delve into notions of the voluntariness' of migration and argue for the analytical need to relate evaluations of voluntariness to available alternatives. Drawing on qualitative research with people from Afghanistan and Pakistan coming to Europe, we hone in on three particular renderings of migration: migrants' own experiences, scholarly qualitative observations and labelling by immigration authorities. Analysing migration as stages in a process: leaving - journey (and transit) - arrival and settlement - return or onward migration, we highlight the specific effects of migration being described as being forced or voluntary. Labelling as forced' (or not) matters to migrants and states when asylum status is on the line. For migration scholars, it remains challenging to decouple these descriptions from state systems of migration management; though doing so enhances our understanding of the role voluntariness plays in migration decisions.