Carcinogénesis
Carcinogénesis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1590/s0036-36342011000500008
复制
发表时间：
2011-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Civetta, Julio Domingo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Civetta, María Teresa Martín de;Civetta, Julio Domingo
细胞分裂受刺激和抑制系统控制。癌症的起源是单克隆的，为了使正常细胞改变其表型并成为肿瘤细胞，必须在其上发生基因突变，这些基因突变改变了在正常情况下基因编码的产物，最终导致癌症。癌症可以是遗传性的（由于一个或两个生殖细胞等位基因的突变）或散发性的（由于环境诱变剂的作用）。可能导致基因改变的机制可能是遗传或表观遗传。当基因组存在结构改变时发生遗传机制，并且由于酶的改变或其底物的改变而发生表观遗传过程。癌的发生有三个阶段：起始、促进和进展。这些阶段中的最后一个阶段，进展，不包括恶性转化，并意味着侵入周围或远处组织的能力。发生转移需要许多机制：血管生成、基质降解、细胞迁移、逃避宿主免疫应答和转移定植。本文提出了一个部分审查目前的参考书目有关的概念，致癌作用，并传达了最低限度的必要信息，以实现对这一复杂的过程的理解。
Cell division is controlled by stimulatory and inhibitory systems. The origin of cancer is monoclonal, and in order that a normal cell switches its phenotype and becomes a neoplastic cell, genetic mutations must occur on it. These genetic mutations modify the products that in normal conditions the gene would codify and, finally, cause cancer. Cancer may be hereditary (due to mutations in one or both of germinal cells alleles) or sporadic (due to action of environmental mutagenic agents). The mechanisms that may cause alterations on genes may be genetic or epigenetic. Genetic mechanisms occur when structural alterations of genome are present and the epigenetic processes occur due to enzymatic alterations or alterations on its substrates. Carcinogenesis has three stages: initiation, promotion and progression. The last of these stages, progression, is exclusive of malignant transformation and implies the capacity to invade surrounding or distant tissues. For metastasis to take place, many mechanisms are required: angiogenesis, matrix degradation, cell migration, evasion of host immune response and metastatic colonization. This article presents a partial review of current bibliography about concepts related to carcinogenesis and conveys the minimum necessary information to achieve an understanding of this complex process.