Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by the central nervous system after aerobic exercise training
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by the central nervous system after aerobic exercise training
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DOI：
10.1590/s0100-879x2011000900004
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Martins-Pinge, M.C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martins-Pinge, M.C.
自主神经系统在正常和病理条件下维持体内平衡起着关键作用。交感神经张力，特别是心血管系统的交感神经张力，是由脑干特定区域的交感神经放电产生的。有氧运动训练可促进多种心血管调节，这些调节受到参与自主神经系统输出的中心区域的影响。在这篇综述中，我们强调了调查有氧运动训练方案的研究，以确定心血管适应可能是由于长期运动导致中枢神经系统可塑性的结果。我们研究的重点是参与交感神经调节的某些神经元组。它们包括维持和调节心脏和血管自主神经张力的孤束核、尾侧腹外侧延髓和头侧腹外侧延髓。我们还讨论了证明髓上区域参与运动训练调节的研究，重点是下丘脑的室旁核，这是自主神经和神经内分泌反应整合的重要区域。这些研究的结果表明，体力活动的有益效果可能至少部分归因于交感神经系统活动的减少。相反，由于最近缺乏身体活动与慢性疾病之间存在关联，这些数据也可能表明交感神经系统活动的增加导致与久坐生活方式相关的心血管疾病的发病率增加。
The autonomic nervous system plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions. The sympathetic tone, particularly for the cardiovascular system, is generated by sympathetic discharges originating in specific areas of the brainstem. Aerobic exercise training promotes several cardiovascular adjustments that are influenced by the central areas involved in the output of the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we emphasize the studies that investigate aerobic exercise training protocols to identify the cardiovascular adaptations that may be the result of central nervous system plasticity due to chronic exercise. The focus of our study is on some groups of neurons involved in sympathetic regulation. They include the nucleus tractus solitarii, caudal ventrolateral medulla and the rostral ventrolateral medulla that maintain and regulate the cardiac and vascular autonomic tonus. We also discuss studies that demonstrate the involvement of supramedullary areas in exercise training modulation, with emphasis on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, an important area of integration for autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The results of these studies suggest that the beneficial effects of physical activity may be due, at least in part, to reductions in sympathetic nervous system activity. Conversely, with the recent association of physical inactivity with chronic disease, these data may also suggest that increases in sympathetic nervous system activity contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle.