Selection in captivity during supportive breeding may reduce fitness in the wild
Selection in captivity during supportive breeding may reduce fitness in the wild
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00257.x
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Ford, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ford, MJ
我使用了一个定量遗传模型来探讨选择对支持育种的野生种群的适应性的影响。支持性繁殖是通过圈养繁殖部分种群并将圈养后代放回野外来增加野生种群的规模。该模型假设单个性状在圈养和野生环境中处于不同的最佳性状值选择状态。该模型表明，当圈养种群接近野生种群的基因流，即使是低水平的基因流从圈养种群的野生种群将改变野生种群的平均表型，使其接近圈养的最佳表型。如果圈养种群接受来自野生种群的基因流，野生种群的平均表型的转变变得不那么明显，但仍然可以是实质性的。新的平均表型的方法可以发生在不到50代。表型转变的适应性结果取决于模型的细节，但在很宽的参数值范围内，适应性下降>30%。两种环境之间的基因流动速率，以及模型的结果，对野生环境的承载能力和它所能支持的种群增长率很敏感。这些结果对保护工作有两个重要的影响。首先，他们表明，在圈养选择可能会显着降低野生种群的健身支持育种，即使不断引入野生个体到圈养人口不会完全消除这种影响。其次，模型的结果对野生环境质量的敏感性表明，保护或恢复种群的栖息地对于防止支持性育种过程中的健身损失是很重要的。
I used a quantitative genetic model to explore the effects of selection on the fitness of a wild population subject to supportive breeding. Supportive breeding is the boosting of a wild population's size by breeding part of the population in captivity and releasing the captive progeny back into the wild. The model assumes that a single trait is under selection with different optimum trait values in the captive and wild environments. The model shows that when the captive population is closed to gene flow from the wild population, even low levels of gene flow from the captive population to the wild population will shift the wild population's mean phenotype so that it approaches the optimal phenotype in captivity. If the captive population receives gene flow from the wild, the shift in the wild population's mean phenotype becomes less pronounced but can still be substantial. The approach to the new mean phenotype can occur in less than 50 generations. The fitness consequences of the phenotypic shift depend on the details of the model, but a>30% decline in fitness can occur over a broad range of parameter values. The rate of gene flow between the two environments, and hence the outcome of the model, is sensitive to the wild environment's carrying capacity and the population growth rate it can support. The results have two important implications for conservation efforts. First, they show that selection in captivity may significantly reduce a wild population's fitness during supportive breeding and that even continually introducing wild individuals into the captive population will not eliminate this effect entirely. Second, the sensitivity of the model's outcome to the wild environment's quality suggests that conserving or restoring a population's habitat is important for preventing fitness loss during supportive breeding.