Leaching and bioavailability of selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from soil contaminated by firefighting activities
Leaching and bioavailability of selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from soil contaminated by firefighting activities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.231
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Mueller, Jochen F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Braeunig, Jennifer;Baduel, Christine;Mueller, Jochen F.
在消防训练场（FTG）中使用水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）是周围环境中全氟烷基酸（PFAA）的潜在来源。在这项研究中，PFAAs从田间污染土壤的淋溶和吸收到生物区系进行了研究。从两个机场的FTG中采集土壤样品，测定了12种全氟辛酸的总浓度和可沥滤浓度。在温室条件下研究了蚯蚓和小麦草对土壤中全氟乙酸的吸收。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）是所有土壤样本中最主要的全氟辛酸，全氟辛烷磺酸浓度达到13，400纳克/克。全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟硫化氢的可沥滤浓度分别高达550微克/升和22微克/升。蚯蚓体内的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度在接触28天后达到65，100纳克/克，而小麦草在10周生长期后的全氟HxS吸收量达到最高浓度（2，800纳克/克）。蚯蚓的生物累积系数从全氟己酸（PFHxA）的0.1到全氟十二烷酸（PFDoA）的23不等，最初显示出随着全氟烷基链长度的增加而减少的趋势，然后随着全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）的全氟烷基链长度的增加而增加。在小麦草中，全氟丁酸的BAF最高（BAF=70），而全氟壬酸的BAF最低（BAF=0.06）。麦草中的生物富集系数随着全氟烷基链长的增加而降低，无论是全氟烷基磺酸还是全氟烷基羧酸。结果表明，全氟辛酸容易从受影响的土壤中浸出，并以分析物依赖的方式在蚯蚓和植物中生物累积。这表明PFAAs有相当大的潜力通过浸出或吸收进入生态受体而远离原始来源，这可能是进入陆地食物网的潜在途径。(C)2018 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Historical usage of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) at firefighting training grounds (FTGs) is a potential source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the surrounding environment. In this study the leaching of PFAAs from field contaminated soil and their uptake into biota was investigated. Soil was sampled from FTGs at two airports and the total as well as the leachable concentration of 12 PFAAs was determined. A greenhouse study was carried out to investigate the uptake of PFAAs from soils into earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and wheat grass (Elymus scaber). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were the most dominant PFAAs in all soils samples, with concentrations of PFOS reaching 13,400 ng/g. Leachable concentrations of PFOS and PFHxS reached up to 550 mu g/L and 22 mu g/L, respectively. In earthworms concentrations of PFOS reached 65,100 ng/g after a 28-day exposure period, while in wheat grass the highest concentration was measured for uptake of PFHxS (2,800 ng/g) after a 10-week growth-period. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for earthworms ranged from 0.1 for perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) to 23 for perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) and initially showed a decreasing trend with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length, followed by an increase with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). In wheat grass the highest BAF was found for perfluorobutanoic acid (BAF=70), while the lowest was observed for perfluorononanoic acid (BAF=0.06). BAFs in wheat grass decreased with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length for both PFCAs and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs). The results show that PFAAs readily leach from impacted soils and are bioaccumulated into earthworms and plants in an analyte dependent way. This shows considerable potential for PFAAs to move away from the original source either by leaching or uptake into ecological receptors, which may be a potential entry route into the terrestrial foodweb. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.