Botulinum toxin: Basic science and clinical uses in otolaryngology
Botulinum toxin: Basic science and clinical uses in otolaryngology
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DOI：
10.1097/00005537-200102000-00006
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sulica, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blitzer, A;Sulica, L
肉毒杆菌毒素作为一种治疗剂的作用正在耳鼻喉科迅速扩大。肉毒杆菌毒素是一种蛋白酶，它能阻止乙酰胆碱从神经末梢的释放。它的影响是短暂的和非破坏性的，主要限于它所管理的区域。这些影响也根据剂量分级，允许对患者和疾病进行个性化治疗。肉毒杆菌毒素主要用于治疗肌肉过度或不适当收缩的疾病。在耳鼻喉科领域，这些包括痉挛性发声困难、口下颌肌张力障碍和眼睑痉挛;发声抽搐和口吃;颅咽失弛缓症;各种震颤和抽搐;面肌痉挛;颞下颌关节疾病;以及许多美容应用。最近，肉毒杆菌毒素治疗在控制偏头痛和紧张性头痛的疼痛方面开始显示出一些益处。它也可能被证明在控制自主神经功能障碍，如弗雷综合征，流涎和流涎。在超过20年的人类使用中，肉毒杆菌毒素已经积累了相当大的安全记录，并且在许多情况下代表了数千名患者在没有其他治疗的情况下的缓解。
The role of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent is expanding rapidly in otolaryngology. Botulinum toxin is a protease that blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals. Its effects are transient and nondestructive, and largely limited to the area in which it is administered. These effects are also graded according to dose, allowing for individualized treatment of patients and disorders. Botulinum toxin has been used primarily to treat disorders of excessive or inappropriate muscle contraction. In the field of otolaryngology, these include spasmodic dysphonia, oromandibular dystonia, and blepharospasm; vocal tics and stuttering; cricopharyngeal achalasia; various tremors and tics; hemifacial spasm; temporomandibular joint disorders; and a number of cosmetic applications. Botulinum toxin treatment has recently begun to show some benefit in the control of pain from migraine and tension headache. It may also prove useful in the control of autonomic dysfunction, as in Frey syndrome, sialorrhea, and rhinorrhea. In over 20 years of use in humans, botulinum toxin has accumulated a considerable safety record, and in many cases represents relief for thousands of patients unaided by other therapy.