Varieties of Capitalism: Trajectories of Liberalization and the New Politics of Social Solidarity
Varieties of Capitalism: Trajectories of Liberalization and the New Politics of Social Solidarity
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资本主义的变种：自由化的轨迹和社会团结的新政治
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
K. Thelen
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作者：
K. Thelen
本文回顾了最近的各种资本主义的文献，借鉴现有研究的见解，提出了一个新的，更有区别的方式思考当代变化的富裕民主国家的政治经济。这里提供的框架打破了传统文献所依据的“连续体模型”，在这种模型中，各国根据其“社团主义”或最近的“协调”程度沿着单一维度排列。在这样做的过程中，它揭示了现有理论通过定义排除的组合--持续的高水平平等与显著的自由化，以及在持续的显著协调背景下的团结下降。我认为，这些令人困惑的组合不能理解通常的二分法，结构变量的文献长期依赖，而是需要更多的关注联盟的基础上，政治经济机构休息。一个联盟的方法表明，在过去支持更平等主义的资本主义品种的机构生存最好的不是当他们稳定地复制黄金时代的政治和模式，而是当他们重新配置-在形式和功能-在显着新的政治支持联盟的基础上。
This essay reviews recent literature on varieties of capitalism, drawing on insights from existing studies to propose a new, more differentiated way of thinking about contemporary changes in the political economies of the rich democracies. The framework offered here breaks with the “continuum models” on which much of the traditional literature has been based, in which countries are arrayed along a single dimension according to their degree of “corporatism” or, more recently, of “coordination.” In so doing, it reveals combinations—continued high levels of equality with significant liberalization, and declining solidarity in the context of continued significant coordination—that existing theories rule out by definition. I argue that these puzzling combinations cannot be understood with reference to the usual dichotomous, structural variables on which the literature has long relied, but require instead greater attention to the coalitional foundations on which political-economic institutions rest. A coalitional approach reveals that institutions that in the past supported the more egalitarian varieties of capitalism survive best not when they stably reproduce the politics and patterns of the Golden Era but rather when they are reconfigured—in both form and function—on the basis of significantly new political support coalitions.