Braincase and Neuroanatomy of Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis and Tropidosuchus romeri (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia)
Braincase and Neuroanatomy of Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis and Tropidosuchus romeri (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia)
复制标题
Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis 和 Tropidosuchus romeri（原龙形目，Proterochampsia）的脑壳和神经解剖学
作者：
M. J. Trotteyn;Ariana Paulina
摘要。原冠军兽是南美洲特有的始祖动物的一个分支，被认为是冠类始祖动物的姐妹分类群。正因为如此，这一类群的颅骨骨学方面对于理解始祖类的进化辐射尤为重要。有几个类群描述了始龙类的颅脑解剖结构，其中包括一些原冠军兽。然而，关于基础始祖动物的古神经学研究很少，而且除了对troidosuchus romeri和Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis的少量初步分析外，从未对原champides进行过研究。本文在CT扫描的基础上，对原champids Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis和troidosuchus romeri的颅脑和部分颅腔形态学进行了描述。研究人员首次计算了原鳄目爬行动物的脑电图商（REQ）和嗅觉比率，表明其具有较高的嗅觉灵敏度，并表明其生活方式与现存鳄鱼类相似。由于原蕨科的神经颅信息缺乏，因此这里提出的神经颅信息很重要。
Abstract. Proterochampsids form a clade of archosauriforms endemic to South America, interpreted as the sister-taxon of the crown-group Archosauria. Because of this, aspects of the skull osteology in this group are particularly important to understand the evolutionary radiation of Archosauriformes. The braincase anatomy of archosauriforms was described for several groups, including few proterochampsids. However, paleoneurological studies on basal archosauriforms are scarce, and these were never conducted on proterochampsids, except for few preliminary analyses of Tropidosuchus romeri and Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis. Here we add descriptive information on the braincase and partial endocranial morphology of the type-specimens of the proterochampsids Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis and Tropidosuchus romeri based on CT scans. Reptile Encephalization Quotient (REQ) and olfactory ratios were calculated for the first the time for a proterochampsid, indicating a high olfactory acuity for Tropidosuchus romeri, and suggesting a lifestyle similar to that of living crocodilians. The neurocranial information presented here is important due the scarcity of such data for Proterochampsidae.