CHOICE AND AVOIDANCE OF EVERYDAY SITUATIONS AND AFFECT CONGRUENCE - 2 MODELS OF RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONISM
CHOICE AND AVOIDANCE OF EVERYDAY SITUATIONS AND AFFECT CONGRUENCE - 2 MODELS OF RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONISM
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.815
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发表时间：
1986-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
LARSEN, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EMMONS, RA;DIENER, E;LARSEN, RJ
最近关于人与情境相互作用的研究几乎完全集中在这个概念的统计形式上，而不是互惠形式上。为了扭转这一趋势，互惠互动主义提出了两个模型：情境选择模型和一致性反应模型。选择模型提出，个人选择某些情况，并避免其他基于某些潜在的需求和倾向。根据一致性模型，个体在与其人格特征一致的情境中应该经历更多的积极情感和更少的消极情感。这些假设在一项研究中得到了验证，在这项研究中，受试者记录了他们在30天内遇到的情况以及他们在每种情况下的影响。一些支持被发现的两种模式的相互作用。研究发现，在日常生活中，人们确实会选择在某些情况下花费时间，而避免其他情况，这些选择和避免的模式可以从人格特质分数中预测。此外，还证明了区分选择的情况和强加的情况的重要性。本研究的局限性，目前的调查结果的人的情况辩论和个性和情境评估的影响进行了讨论。
Recent studies of person-situation interactions have focused nearly exclusively on the statistical rather than reciprocal form of the concept. In an attempt to reverse this trend, two models of reciprocal interactionism are offered: the choice of situations model and the congruence response model. The choice model proposes that individuals select certain situations and avoid others on the basis of certain underlying needs and dispositions. According to the congruence model, individuals should experience greater positive affect and less negative affect in situations that are congruent with their personality characteristics. These assumptions were tested in a study in which subjects recorded the situations they encountered and their affect in each situation over a 30-day period. Some support was found for both models of interactionism. It was found that in their everyday environment, individuals do choose to spend time in certain situations and avoid others and that these patterns of choice and avoidance are predictable from personality trait scores. Also, the importance of distinguishing between chosen and imposed situations was demonstrated. Limitations of the present study are noted, and implications of the present findings for the person-situation debate and for personality and situational assessment are discussed.