Homology of trichosanthin and ricin A chain
Homology of trichosanthin and ricin A chain
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DOI：
10.1038/321477b0
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Xuejun Zhang;Jiahuai Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xuejun Zhang;Jiahuai Wang
SIR-夸克电荷的大小提出了一个令人困惑的问题：单位电荷的大小是多少？当质子和电子被认为是自然界的基本粒子时，似乎完全可以接受以电子电荷为单位，并用它来表示所有其他电荷，但是，如果夸克是基本粒子，那么以任何明确的方式谈论单位电荷就没有意义了;只有电荷比才有意义。因此，问为什么u（上）夸克的电荷是d（下）夸克的负2倍，而d（下）夸克的电荷是电子的1/3是合理的，但问哪一个是单位电荷没有意义。如果希望用整数电荷工作，则d电荷应作为he单位; u电荷则为-2单位，电子电荷为+3单位。后者被普遍接受为单位电荷只是一种偏见，这种偏见使人们永远相信电子是一种基本粒子，而目前还没有确凿的证据。目前的粒子理论甚至没有开始回答为什么只有两个基本电荷存在于自然界中，为什么他们的比例是-2。这些理论也不能指出如何找到答案。量子色动力学使事情更加混乱，因为它提出了另一个问题，即为什么给定夸克味的所有颜色都具有相同的电荷。如果核子中的三个夸克形成线性结构，其中一个夸克总是在中心，就像我在核子的引力线性旋转体模型中已经提出的那样，然后用一个简单的变分原理来回答夸克荷的问题。在一系列的论文中，我提出了重子的线性转子模型，其中组成粒子三联体是引力束缚的y-束缚的unitons，质量为m=（fic/Crl ~ 2）的粒子，其中C是万有引力常数。因此，任何两个这样的粒子之间的重力结合力都比静电力大137倍。接受了这个模型，我们就会看到，整个动力学结构基本上是由引力场决定的
SIR-The magnitudes of the quark electric charges raise the perplexing question: what is the magnitude of the unit electric charge? When the proton and electron were thought to be the elementary particles of nature, it appeared quite acceptable to take the electronic charge as the unit and to express all other charges in terms of it but, if quarks are elementary particles, it is meaningless to speak of a unit charge in any unambiguous way; only charge ratios are meaningful. It is thus sensible to ask why the charge on the u (up) quark is minus twice that on the d (down) quark and why the latter is one third that of the electron, but it is not meaningful to ask which of these is the unit charge. If it is desirable to work with integral charges, the d-charge should be taken as he unit; the u-charge is then-2 units and the electronic charge is+ 3 units. That the latter is universally accepted as the unit charge is merely a matter of a bias which perpetuates the belief that the electron is an elementary particle for which, at present there is no conclusive evidence. Nothing in current particle theories even begins to answer the question why only two elementary charges exist in nature and why their ratio is-2. Nor can these theories indicate how the answer is to be found. Quantum chromodynamics confuses things even more for it raises the additional question as to why all colours of a given quark flavour have the same electric charge.If the three quarks in a nucleon form a linear structure, with one of the quarks always at the centre, as I have already proposed in my gravitational linear rotator model of the nucleon, then a simple variational principle answers the questions about quark charges. In a series of papers I have proposed a linear rotator model of baryons in which the constituent particle triplets are gravit-ational y bound unitons, particles of mass m=(fic/Crl2, where C is the universal gravitational constant. The gravitational binding force between any two such particles is thus larger than the electrostatic force by a factor of the order of 137. Accepting this model one sees that the overall dynamical configuration is determined essentially by the gravitational field