Soil fungal communities as indicators for replanting new peach orchards in intensively cultivated areas
Soil fungal communities as indicators for replanting new peach orchards in intensively cultivated areas
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eja.2010.05.005
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Caputo, Francesco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manici, Luisa M.;Caputo, Francesco
意大利和西班牙是欧洲主要的桃子生产国。然而，自90年代中期以来，意大利的桃子种植面积减少，从而导致其失去了欧洲的领导地位。下降的原因之一是桃园中存在再植障碍。由于土壤传播的病原体是病原学的生物组成部分之一，因此在意大利南部的一个集约化栽培地区进行了一项研究，调查了在种植新桃园时使用土壤真菌作为土壤健康指标的情况。在坎帕尼亚地区一个种植桃子和蔬菜的山谷“Piana del Sele”的五个重新种植的桃园和五个园艺地点进行了土壤取样。记录了三种不同的土壤真菌群落：土壤栖息丝状真菌；基于培养方法的内生根真菌；和未培养的土壤真菌，基于内部转录间隔段（ITS1和ITS2）和rDNA基因片段的核苷酸序列。以桃木GF677苗木为材料，采用温室生物测定法评价土壤健康状况。利用包含古生态学常用功能的软件PAST对真菌群落的多样性和组成进行了比较。桃树果园的多样性得分显著高于园艺作物。两种栽培系统的真菌群落组成差异很大，表明植被覆盖和栽培方式对真菌群落组成有很大影响。评价土壤健康的生物测定结果表明，与桃树地相比，园艺地的生长明显减少。园艺地内生真菌群落中具有高丰度的破坏性根腐病剂圆柱碳腐菌（圆柱形碳腐菌）和基型铁腐菌（Thielviopsis basicola）支持了这一发现。在这项调查中，真菌多样性最大的地方对应着最好的植物生长。从实践的角度来看，当决定在集约栽培地区重新种植新的果树果园时，对目标作物进行温室生物测定，结合内生根真菌群落的定量分析，可能有助于决定最佳的土壤利用。(C) 2010 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Italy and Spain are Europe's main peach-producing countries. Since the mid-90s, however, peach-growing areas have decreased in Italy thus causing its loss of European leadership. One of the reasons for the decline is the presence of replant disorders in peach orchards. As soil-borne pathogens are one of the biotic components of aetiology, a study was performed in an intensively cultivated area of southern Italy, to investigate the use of soil fungi as indicators of soil health when planting new peach orchards. Soil sampling was carried out in five replanted peach orchards and five horticultural sites in the "Piana del Sele", a peach and vegetable-growing valley in the Campania region. Three different soil fungi communities were recorded: soil-inhabiting filamentous fungi; endophytic root fungi, based on cultural methods; and uncultured soil fungi, based on nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and rDNA gene fragments. Soil health was evaluated with a greenhouse bioassay, using young plants of peach rootstock GF677. Diversity and composition of fungal communities were compared using PAST, a software which includes several functions commonly used in paleoecology. Each peach tree orchard was characterized by a significantly higher diversity score than horticultural crops. The two cultivation systems differed widely for species composition suggesting that vegetative cover and cultivation practices strongly affected fungal community composition. The bioassay to evaluate soil health showed a significant growth reduction in horticultural sites compared to peach sites. This finding was supported by the high abundance of Cylindrocarpon destructans and Thielviopsis basicola, two aggressive root rot agents, within endophytic fungal communities in horticultural sites. In this survey, greatest fungal diversity corresponds to best plant growth. From a practical point of view, when deciding to replant a new fruit tree orchards in intensively cultivated areas, a greenhouse bioassay with the target crop, combined with a quantitative analysis of endophytic root fungal communities, may help in deciding the best soil use. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.