African swine fever EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW)
African swine fever EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW)
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4163
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Willeberg, Preben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berg, Charlotte;Botner, Anette;Willeberg, Preben
自2014年初进入欧盟东部以来，非洲猪瘟（ASF）已在当地野猪种群中传播，独立于家猪的爆发。没有观察到野猪种群密度与一个地区的病例通报之间的相关性。病毒传入的来源似乎是后院农场的生物安全水平低;然而，猪与野猪之间的直接接触尚未报告。评估了旨在控制ASF的潜在野猪管理策略。首先，已发表的文献进行了搜索的证据，野猪人口的变化后，实施不同的管理策略。在欧洲，由于传统狩猎而导致野猪数量减少60%以上的情况还没有记录。第二，在一次咨询会议上，30名专家确定了不同的野猪管理工具，以间接打击非洲猪瘟的传播。第三步，建立了一个流行病学模拟模型，以比较实施单独或组合管理工具控制ASF的效果。该模型表明，理论上，将野猪数量减少70%以上的措施可以有效控制非洲猪瘟，但在实践中，在一个狩猎季节内不可能实现。另一方面，传统的管理策略，如实施喂养禁令或有针对性地猎杀雌性，只有在多年的应用后才能有效地防止ASF在控制区的传播。该模型预测，不同工具的组合，如排除与尸体的接触和加强传统狩猎，将第二年的繁殖减少30- 40%，将有效阻止非洲猪瘟在野猪中的传播。(C)欧洲食品安全局，2015年。
Since entering the eastern EU at the start of 2014, African swine fever (ASF) has spread locally in the wild boar population, independently of outbreaks in domestic pigs. No correlation between the density of the wild boar population and the case notification in an area has been observed. The source of virus introduction appeared to be the low biosecurity level in backyard farms; yet, direct contact between pigs and wild boar has not been reported. Potential wild boar management strategies aimed at controlling ASF were evaluated. First, the published literature was searched for evidence of changes in wild boar demography after implementing different management strategies. A reduction in a wild boar population of more than 60 % as a result of conventional hunting has not been documented in Europe. Secondly, during a consultation meeting, 30 experts identified different wild boar management tools to indirectly combat ASF spread. In the third step, an epidemiological simulation model was developed, to compare the effects of implementing individual or combinations of management tools to control ASF. The model demonstrated that measures such as attempts to reduce the wild boar populations more than 70 % would, in theory, be effective in controlling ASF, but in practice would impossible to be achieved in one hunting season. On the other hand, conventional management strategies, such as implementing a feeding ban or targeted hunting of females, can effectively prevent the spread of ASF in the control area only after multiple years of application. The model predicted that a combination of different tools, such as the exclusion of contact to carcasses and the intensification of conventional hunting, reducing reproduction in the following year by 30-40%, would be effective to stop the spread of ASF in wild boar. (C) European Food Safety Authority, 2015.