Replenishing the adult ovarian follicle population: a fresh look at dogma.
Replenishing the adult ovarian follicle population: a fresh look at dogma.
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DOI：
10.1093/molehr/gaw017
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
R. Anderson;E. Telfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Anderson;E. Telfer
在雌性生殖功能与雄性不同的许多方面中，最引人注目的是卵巢功能的停止早于其他主要器官的停止，而睾丸的内分泌和配子发生功能一直持续到生命的结束。更年期作为一个不可避免的生理事件是不可否认的，并导致了一个流行的概念，在妇女的“生物钟”，基于明显的不可再生的性质的原始卵泡池在卵巢。该库是在胎儿期卵原细胞进入减数分裂后建立的，随后在啮齿动物中在新生期形成原始卵泡，并且在人类中从妊娠中期开始（Findlay et al.，2015）。新的卵母细胞是否可以在出生后形成，以及在生命开始时形成的原始卵泡的初始池是否确实是女性生殖寿命的唯一决定因素，近年来一直受到质疑。以前的评论提供了对历史的学术描述和质疑这一教条的最初出版物（Byskov et al.，2005;蒂利和特尔弗，2009）。实质上，关于卵母细胞/卵泡是否可以在成年生活中形成的历史争论被2004年的一篇论文重新点燃，该论文表明小鼠卵巢中存在有丝分裂活性生殖细胞（约翰逊等人，2004年）。这遭到了许多在该领域工作的人的相当大的怀疑（Telfer等人，2005），但随后进行了几项研究，这些研究假设在成年啮齿动物和人卵巢组织中存在一群稀有细胞，这些细胞可以在体外分离、建立和繁殖，并且在重新植入卵巢已经化学耗尽内源性卵泡的小鼠和后来的大鼠的卵巢中时，可以产生健康的后代（Zou et al.，2009;白色等人，2012; Zhou等人，2014）。其他人也提供了它们存在于出生后卵巢中的证据（Pacchiarotti等人，2010），并且我们已经能够从牛和人成年卵巢分离和繁殖这些细胞（Dunlop等人，2014）。这些细胞被称为雌性生殖系干细胞或卵原干细胞（OSC，下文使用的术语），尽管它们仅被声称是生殖系特异性的，而不是全能的或多能的。
Of the many ways in which female reproductive function differs from that in the male, the most striking is the cessation of ovarian function long before that of the other major organs, whereas both the endocrine and gametogenic functions of the testis continue to the end of life. Menopause as an inevitable physiological event is undeniable and has led to the popular concept of a ‘biological clock’in women, based on the apparent non-renewable nature of the primordial follicle pool in the ovary. This pool is established following entry of oogonia into meiosis in fetal life, followed by primordial follicle formation in the neonatal period in the rodent, and from mid-pregnancy in the human (Findlay et al., 2015). Whether new oocytes can be formed after birth and the initial pool of primordial follicles formed at the beginning of life is indeed the sole determinant of female reproductive lifespan has come under question in recent years.Previous commentaries have provided scholarly descriptions of the history and initial publications questioning this dogma (Byskov et al., 2005; Tilly and Telfer, 2009). In essence, the historical debate as to whether oocytes/follicles could be formed in adult life was rekindled by a paper in 2004 suggesting the existence of mitotically active germ cells in the mouse ovary (Johnson et al., 2004). This was met with considerable scepticism from many working in the field (Telfer et al., 2005) but was followed up by several studies that postulated the existence of a population of rare cells in adult rodent and human ovarian tissue that could be isolated, established and propagated in vitro, and on re-implantation into ovaries of mice and later rats whose ovaries had been chemically depleted of endogenous follicles, could result in healthy offspring (Zou et al., 2009; White et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2014). Others also provided evidence for their presence in the post-natal ovary (Pacchiarotti et al., 2010) and we have been able to isolate and propagate these cells from bovine and human adult ovary (Dunlop et al., 2014). These cells have been termed female germline stem cells or oogonial stem cells (OSCs, the term used hereinafter) although they have only been claimed to be germ lineage-specific rather than being toti-or pluripotent.