Farming adaptation to environmental change in coastal Bangladesh: shrimp culture versus crop diversification
Farming adaptation to environmental change in coastal Bangladesh: shrimp culture versus crop diversification
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10668-015-9697-z
复制
发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Roth, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kabir, Md Jahangir;Cramb, Rob;Roth, Christian
孟加拉国沿海地区的农业包括稻/虾和稻/非稻种植系统。前者利润很高，但加剧了土壤和水的盐碱化。我们评估的相对盈利能力，风险，和两种种植系统的可持续性，从库尔纳区的两个沿海村庄的数据。养虾一开始收获很大。然而，在12-15年的时间里，种植系统的盈利能力下降，盐分增加，对水稻种植和当地环境产生了不利影响。从2009年起，农民通过改变池塘（gher）基础设施，采用延迟种植耐盐水稻品种，在水稻种植期间用淡水冲洗累积的盐分，并在收获水稻后让土壤干燥来适应该系统。预算编制结果表明，按照目前的管理做法，稻/虾系统比稻/非稻系统在经济上更可行（土地和劳动力回报更高，风险更小）。土壤分析表明，虽然在旱季，土壤中的盐分较高，但在雨季，盐分显著降低，两个系统之间非常相似（1-2 dS/m）。因此，除了利润更高、风险更小之外，稻虾系统可能比以前观察到的更可持续。
Farming in coastal Bangladesh includes rice/shrimp and rice/non-rice cropping systems. The former has been highly profitable but has exacerbated salinization of soil and water. We evaluate the relative profitability, riskiness, and sustainability of the two cropping systems, using data from two coastal villages in Khulna District. Shrimp cultivation was initially very rewarding. However, over 12-15 years, the cropping system experienced declining profitability, increased salinity, and adverse impacts on rice cropping and the local environment. From 2009, farmers adapted the system by changing the pond (gher) infrastructure, adopting delayed planting of a saline-tolerant rice cultivar, flushing out accumulated salt with freshwater during rice cropping, and allowing the soil to dry out after harvesting rice. The budgeting results show that with current management practices, the rice/shrimp system is economically more viable (higher returns to land and labour and less risky) than the rice/non-rice system. Soil analyses showed that while salinity was higher in the gher during the dry season, it was significantly reduced in the wet season and was very similar between the two systems (1-2 dS/m). Hence, as well as being more profitable and less risky, the rice/shrimp system may well be more sustainable than previously observed.