doublesex is a mimicry supergene
doublesex is a mimicry supergene
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nature13112
复制
发表时间：
2014-03-13
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kronforst, M. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kunte, K.;Zhang, W.;Kronforst, M. R.
性二型性的一个最显著的例子是蝴蝶的性别限制模仿，这种现象是一种性别--通常是雌性--模仿有毒的模式物种，而另一种性别则表现出不同的翅膀模式(1)。性别限制拟态在燕尾蝶属中广泛存在，常与雌性拟态多态有关(1-3)。在多个多态物种中，整个翅膀模式的表型由一个孟德尔式的超级基因控制(4)。虽然理论工作已经探索了超基因模仿的进化动力学(5-9)，但几乎没有经验数据来解决在功能水平上什么是模仿超基因这一关键问题。利用遗传和关联作图、转录组和基因组测序以及基因表达分析相结合的综合方法，我们证明了双性别的单个基因控制着多角凤蝶的表基因拟态。这与长期以来的观点形成鲜明对比，即超基因很可能由紧密相连的一组基因座控制(4)。对基因表达和DNA序列变异的分析表明，亚型表达的差异是造成DsX模拟等位基因功能差异的原因之一，蛋白质序列进化也可能起到一定作用。我们的结果结合了不同假设的元素来确定超基因，表明单个基因可以在模仿表型之间切换整个翅膀模式，但可能需要多个紧密连锁的突变才能做到这一点。
One of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism is sex-limited mimicry in butterflies, a phenomenon in which one sex-usually the female-mimics a toxic model species, whereas the other sex displays a different wing pattern(1). Sex-limited mimicry is phylogenetically widespread in the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio, in which it is often associated with female mimetic polymorphism(1-3). In multiple polymorphic species, the entire wing pattern phenotype is controlled by a single Mendelian 'supergene'(4). Although theoretical work has explored the evolutionary dynamics of supergene mimicry(5-9), there are almost no empirical data that address the critical issue of what a mimicry supergene actually is at a functional level. Using an integrative approach combining genetic and association mapping, transcriptome and genome sequencing, and gene expression analyses, we show that a single gene, doublesex, controls supergene mimicry in Papilio polytes. This is in contrast to the long-held view that supergenes are likely to be controlled by a tightly linked cluster of loci(4). Analysis of gene expression and DNA sequence variation indicates that isoform expression differences contribute to the functional differences between dsx mimicry alleles, and protein sequence evolution may also have a role. Our results combine elements from different hypotheses for the identity of supergenes, showing that a single gene can switch the entire wing pattern among mimicry phenotypes but may require multiple, tightly linked mutations to do so.