A systematic approach of method development for analysis of multiple classes of emerging contaminants in wastewater: a case study of a biological nutrient removal based plant.
A systematic approach of method development for analysis of multiple classes of emerging contaminants in wastewater: a case study of a biological nutrient removal based plant.
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DOI：
10.1039/d0ay01131b
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发表时间：
2020-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Monika Dubey;Bhanu Prakash Vellanki;A. Kazmi
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文献类型：
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作者：
Monika Dubey;Bhanu Prakash Vellanki;A. Kazmi
药品、个人护理产品、合成激素和工业制造添加剂在世界范围内使用，它们的残留物经常在废水中被检测到。在本研究中，开发并验证了一种灵敏和选择性的方法，用于检测和定量废水中常见的14种具有不同物理化学性质的新兴污染物（ECs）。固相萃取（SPE）可以对化合物进行萃取和浓缩。采用液相色谱-质谱法进行正负电喷雾电离分析。流动相水+ 0.1%甲酸：乙腈+ 0.1%甲酸（3种化合物）、水+ 0.1%甲酸：甲醇（5种化合物）和10 mM乙酸铵缓冲液：乙腈+ 0.1%甲酸（6种化合物）的不同组合给出了分析实际废水样品中污染物的最佳色谱条件。在酸性和碱性样品pH值下测试了四种不同的洗脱液以优化SPE方法，并测试了三种不同的稀释比（1:1,2:1和5:1）以降低基质效应。数据验证采用线性、日内重复性、LOD/LOQ、回收率百分比和工艺效率百分比研究。以一种生物营养物去除（BNR）植物为例，采用该方法对ECs的存在进行了测试。对不同处理阶段的去除率进行了评价。大多数处理发生在二级处理阶段，而一级处理和消毒对去除效果不大。所有污染物都是在进口废水中发现的。雌酮（E1）是一种内分泌干扰化合物，首次在印度废水中报道，浓度为376.2 ng L-1。分别以高、中、低效率去除7个、4个和2个ECs。卡马西平呈阴性去除。这项研究增强了我们对基于BNR的治疗系统中几种ECs的发生和命运的理解。
Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, synthetic hormones, and industrial manufacturing additives are used worldwide, and their residues are frequently detected in wastewater. In this study, a sensitive and selective method was developed and validated for the detection and quantification of 14 Emerging Contaminants (ECs) with various physico-chemical properties frequently found in wastewater. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) allowed for extraction and concentration of the compounds. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in both positive and negative electrospray ionization mode was used for the analysis. Three different combinations of mobile phase, water + 0.1% formic acid : acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid (3 compounds), water + 0.1% formic acid : methanol (5) and 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer : acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid (6) gave the best chromatographic conditions to analyze the contaminants in real wastewater samples. Four different eluents at acidic and basic sample pH values were tested to optimize the SPE methodology, and three different dilution ratios (1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 5 : 1) were tested to reduce the matrix effect. Data validation was conducted using linearity, intra and inter-day repeatability, LOD/LOQ, percentage recovery, and percentage process efficiency studies. As a case study, a biological nutrient removal (BNR) based plant was tested for the presence of ECs using the developed method. Removal efficiency at different treatment stages was assessed. Most of the treatment occurred at the secondary treatment stage, whereas primary treatment and disinfection had little effect on removal. All the contaminants were found in the inlet wastewater. Estrone (E1), an endocrine disrupting compound, was reported for the first time in Indian wastewater at 376.2 ng L-1. Seven, four, and two ECs were removed at high, medium, and low efficiencies, respectively. Carbamazepine showed negative removal. This study enhanced our understanding of the occurrence and fate of several ECs in BNR based treatment systems.