Measuring and Resolving LGBTQ Disparities in STEM
Measuring and Resolving LGBTQ Disparities in STEM
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DOI：
10.1177/2372732220943232
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Freeman, Jonathan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Freeman, Jonathan B.
LGBTQ人群开创了重大的科学进步，但他们在STEM领域面临挑战，最终浪费了人类的才能，阻碍了科学进步。越来越多的证据表明，STEM中的LGBTQ人群在统计上代表性不足，遇到不支持的环境，并以惊人的速度离开STEM。导致LGBTQ在STEM领域差异的潜在因素包括偏见和歧视，职业利益与STEM刻板印象的不一致，以及孤立LGBTQ人群的STEM非人格化规范。LGBTQ保留与女性和少数种族保留有共同的心理过程，如STEM识别和归属感。更好地理解和解决STEM中LGBTQ挑战的关键障碍是缺乏美国STEM劳动力的性取向或性别认同（SO/GI）人口统计数据。政策建议包括：（a）在联邦STEM人口普查中增加SO/GI措施;（B）扩大各机构对代表性不足群体的定义，将LGBTQ人群包括在内;（c）将LGBTQ身份纳入STEM机构的问责制和多样性方案。
LGBTQ people have pioneered major scientific advances, but they face challenges in STEM that ultimately waste human talent and hinder scientific progress. Growing evidence suggests that LGBTQ people in STEM are statistically underrepresented, encounter non-supportive environments, and leave STEM at an alarming rate. Potential factors driving LGBTQ disparities in STEM include bias and discrimination, misalignments of occupational interests with STEM stereotypes, and STEM norms of impersonality that isolate LGBTQ people. LGBTQ retention shares common psychological processes with female and racial minority retention such as STEM identification and belonging. The key barrier to better understanding and addressing LGBTQ challenges in STEM is the lack of sexual orientation or gender identity (SO/GI) demographic data on the U.S. STEM workforce. Policy recommendations include (a) adding SO/GI measures to federal STEM-census surveys; (b) broadening agencies' definition of underrepresented groups to include LGBTQ people; and (c) incorporating LGBTQ identity into accountability systems and diversity programs at STEM institutions.