The functional basis of face evaluation
The functional basis of face evaluation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0805664105
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发表时间：
2008-08-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Todorov, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oosterhof, Nikolaas N.;Todorov, Alexander
人们会自动在多个特质维度上评估面孔，这些评估预测了重要的社会结果，从选举成功到判刑决定。基于行为学研究和计算机建模，我们开发了一个二维人脸评价模型。首先，使用主成分分析的情感中性面孔的特质判断，我们确定了两个正交的维度，效价和优势，这是足以描述脸的评价，并表明，这些维度可以近似由判断的可信度和优势。其次，使用数据驱动的统计模型的脸表示，我们建立和验证模型，代表脸的可信度和脸的优势。第三，使用这些模型，我们表明，而效价评价是更敏感的功能类似的信号的人是否应该避免或接近的表情，优势评价是更敏感的功能信号的身体强度/弱点。第四，我们表明，重要的社会判断，如威胁，可以再现为两个正交维度的效价和优势的函数。研究结果表明，面孔评价涉及过度概括的自适应机制，推断有害的意图和能力，造成伤害，可以解释快速，但不一定准确，从面孔的判断。
People automatically evaluate faces on multiple trait dimensions, and these evaluations predict important social outcomes, ranging from electoral success to sentencing decisions. Based on behavioral studies and computer modeling, we develop a 2D model of face evaluation. First, using a principal components analysis of trait judgments of emotionally neutral faces, we identify two orthogonal dimensions, valence and dominance, that are sufficient to describe face evaluation and show that these dimensions can be approximated by judgments of trustworthiness and dominance. Second, using a data-driven statistical model for face representation, we build and validate models for representing face trustworthiness and face dominance. Third, using these models, we show that, whereas valence evaluation is more sensitive to features resembling expressions signaling whether the person should be avoided or approached, dominance evaluation is more sensitive to features signaling physical strength/weakness. Fourth, we show that important social judgments, such as threat, can be reproduced as a function of the two orthogonal dimensions of valence and dominance. The findings suggest that face evaluation involves an overgeneralization of adaptive mechanisms for inferring harmful intentions and the ability to cause harm and can account for rapid, yet not necessarily accurate, judgments from faces.