The ambiguity in immunology.
The ambiguity in immunology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00018
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Piconese S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnaba V;Paroli M;Piconese S
在本文中，我们讨论了免疫系统的各个模糊方面，这些方面使这个复杂的生物网络变得如此高度灵活，并且能够保护宿主免受不同的外部入侵者的侵害。这种模糊性主要源于免疫系统既具有保护性又具有有害性的特性。如果不对宿主产生一定程度的损害（免疫病理学），免疫就无法提供充分的保护。因此，保护和组织损伤之间的平衡对于建立免疫稳态和保护至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将考虑各种模糊的免疫策略，包括：（a）驱动免疫反应、免疫调节和反向调节的相反功能，以及（b）由于树突状细胞持续交叉呈递凋亡 T 细胞而导致的慢性免疫激活现象。所有这些计划主要是为了在持续感染期间维持慢性低水平炎症状态，并最终有利于物种的生存。
In the present article, we discuss the various ambiguous aspects of the immune system that render this complex biological network so highly flexible and able to defend the host from different external invaders. This ambiguity stems mainly from the property of the immune system to be both protective and harmful. Immunity cannot be fully protective without producing a certain degree of damage (immunopathology) to the host. The balance between protection and tissue damage is, therefore, critical for the establishment of immune homeostasis and protection. In this review, we will consider as ambiguous, various immunological tactics including: (a) the opposing functions driving immune responses, immune-regulation, and contra-regulation, as well as (b) the phenomenon of chronic immune activation as a result of a continuous cross-presentation of apoptotic T cells by dendritic cells. All these plans participate principally to maintain a state of chronic low-level inflammation during persisting infections, and ultimately to favor the species survival.