Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands
Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands
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中国主要农田严重酸化
DOI：
10.1126/science.1182570
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发表时间：
2010-02-19
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Zhang, F. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, J. H.;Liu, X. J.;Zhang, F. S.
中国的农田酸化中国正面临着酸雨、地下水污染和一氧化二氮排放等日益严重的问题。工业和交通运输业的快速发展加速了硝酸盐（N）向大气的排放。因此，土壤退化、水资源短缺和污染，以及大气质量下降，正成为中国各地公众关注的主要问题。自20世纪90年代以来，中国已成为世界上最大的化学氮肥消费国和最大的谷物生产国，这对耕地土壤酸化产生了影响。Guo等人（第1008页，2月11日在线发布）对中国耕地土壤的区域酸化现象进行了荟萃分析，该现象在很大程度上与较高的氮施肥和较高的作物产量有关。这种大规模的土壤酸化可能威胁农业的可持续性，影响土壤中养分和有毒元素的生物地球化学循环。在区域尺度上，中国过去30年的农业集约化是土壤酸化的主要原因。土壤酸化是我国集约化农业系统土壤的主要问题。我们使用了两个全国性的调查，在许多单独的地点配对比较，和几个长期监测现场数据集，以评估土壤酸度的变化。从20世纪80年代到21世纪初，我国主要农作物产区土壤pH值呈显著下降趋势（P < 0.001）。在4种大面积种植系统中，氮循环过程每年每公顷释放20 ~ 221千摩尔的氢离子（H+），而碱金属阳离子的吸收每年每公顷又释放15 ~ 20千摩尔的H+。相比之下，酸沉降（每年每公顷0.4至2.0千摩尔H+）对中国农业土壤酸化的贡献很小。
Cropland Acidification in China China is experiencing increasing problems with acid rain, groundwater pollution, and nitrous oxide emissions. Rapid development of industry and transportation has accelerated nitrate (N) emissions to the atmosphere. Consequently, soil degradation, water shortage, and pollution, in addition to atmospheric quality decline are becoming major public concerns across China. Since the 1990s, China has become both the largest consumer of chemical N fertilizers and the highest cereal producer in the world, which has consequences for arable soil acidification. Guo et al. (p. 1008, published online 11 February) present a meta-analysis of a regional acidification phenomenon in Chinese arable soils that is largely associated with higher N fertilization and higher crop production. Such large-scale soil acidification is likely to threaten the sustainability of agriculture and affect the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and also toxic elements in soils. Intensifying agriculture in China in the past 30 years is the major contributor to soil acidification at the regional scale. Soil acidification is a major problem in soils of intensive Chinese agricultural systems. We used two nationwide surveys, paired comparisons in numerous individual sites, and several long-term monitoring-field data sets to evaluate changes in soil acidity. Soil pH declined significantly (P < 0.001) from the 1980s to the 2000s in the major Chinese crop-production areas. Processes related to nitrogen cycling released 20 to 221 kilomoles of hydrogen ion (H+) per hectare per year, and base cations uptake contributed a further 15 to 20 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year to soil acidification in four widespread cropping systems. In comparison, acid deposition (0.4 to 2.0 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year) made a small contribution to the acidification of agricultural soils across China.