Bayesian inference underlies the contraction bias in delayed comparison tasks.
Bayesian inference underlies the contraction bias in delayed comparison tasks.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0019551
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发表时间：
2011-05-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Loewenstein Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashourian P;Loewenstein Y
延迟比较任务在心理学和神经科学中广泛应用于工作记忆和知觉的研究。然而，人们早就知道，这些任务中的决定是有偏见的。当延迟比较试验中的两个刺激在幅度上较小时，受试者倾向于报告第一刺激大于第二刺激。相反，当刺激相对较大时，受试者倾向于报告第二刺激大于第一刺激。在这里，我们研究的计算原则，这种偏见，也被称为收缩偏差。我们建议，收缩偏差的结果从贝叶斯计算中，一个嘈杂的表示幅度结合先验信息的幅度分布，以优化性能。我们在视觉延迟比较实验中通过研究（i）改变先验分布和（ii）改变记忆刺激中的不确定性的影响来检验我们关于选择行为的假设。我们发现，在这两种操作的选择行为是一致的观察者使用贝叶斯推理，以提高性能的性能。此外，我们的研究结果表明，收缩偏差出现在记忆检索/决策，而不是在记忆编码。这些结果支持的概念，收缩偏差错觉可以理解为最优性的考虑。
Delayed comparison tasks are widely used in the study of working memory and perception in psychology and neuroscience. It has long been known, however, that decisions in these tasks are biased. When the two stimuli in a delayed comparison trial are small in magnitude, subjects tend to report that the first stimulus is larger than the second stimulus. In contrast, subjects tend to report that the second stimulus is larger than the first when the stimuli are relatively large. Here we study the computational principles underlying this bias, also known as the contraction bias. We propose that the contraction bias results from a Bayesian computation in which a noisy representation of a magnitude is combined with a-priori information about the distribution of magnitudes to optimize performance. We test our hypothesis on choice behavior in a visual delayed comparison experiment by studying the effect of (i) changing the prior distribution and (ii) changing the uncertainty in the memorized stimulus. We show that choice behavior in both manipulations is consistent with the performance of an observer who uses a Bayesian inference in order to improve performance. Moreover, our results suggest that the contraction bias arises during memory retrieval/decision making and not during memory encoding. These results support the notion that the contraction bias illusion can be understood as resulting from optimality considerations.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Körding, KP;Wolpert, DM
通讯作者：
Wolpert, DM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0804378105
发表时间：
2008-08-19
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
PARDUCCI, A
通讯作者：
PARDUCCI, A