INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE FOR OPERATOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON HERMITIAN UNITAL
INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE FOR OPERATOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON HERMITIAN UNITAL
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厄米特单位算子凸函数的埃尔米特-哈达玛型不等式
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发表时间:
2020
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通讯作者:
S. Dragomir
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作者:
Banach Algebras;S. Dragomir
We establish in this paper some inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for operator convex functions on Hermitian unital Banach -algebras. 1. Introduction We need some preliminary concepts and facts about Banach -algebras. Let A be a unital Banach -algebra with unit 1. An element a 2 A is called selfadjoint if a = a: A is called Hermitian if every selfadjoint element a in A has real spectrum (a) ; namely (a) R. We say that an element a is nonnegative and write this as a 0 if a = a and (a) [0;1) : We say that a is positive and write a > 0 if a 0 and 0 = 2 (a) : Thus a > 0 implies that its inverse a 1 exists. Denote the set of all invertible elements of A by Inv (A) : If a; b 2 Inv (A) ; then ab 2 Inv (A) and (ab) 1 = b a : Also, saying that a b means that a b 0 and, similarly a > b means that a b > 0: The Shirali-Ford theorem asserts that if A is a unital Banach -algebra [9] (see also [1, Theorem 41.5]), then (SF) a a 0 for every a 2 A: Based on this fact, Okayasu [8], Tanahashi and Uchiyama [10] proved the following fundamental properties (see also [6]): (i) If a; b 2 A; then a 0; b 0 imply a+ b 0 and 0 implies a 0; (ii) If a; b 2 A; then a > 0; b 0 imply a+ b > 0; (iii) If a; b 2 A; then either a b > 0 or a > b 0 imply a > 0; (iv) If a > 0; then a 1 > 0; (v) If c > 0; then 0 < b < a if and only if cbc < cac; also 0 < b a if and only if cbc cac; (vi) If 0 < a < 1; then 1 < a ; (vii) If 0 < b < a; then 0 < a 1 < b ; also if 0 < b a; then 0 < a 1 b : Okayasu [8] showed that the Löwner-Heinz inequality remains valid in a Hermitian unital Banach -algebra with continuous involution, namely if a; b 2 A and p 2 [0; 1] then a > b (a b) implies that a > b (a b) : In order to introduce the real power of a positive element, we need the following facts [1, Theorem 41.5]. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classi
cation. 47A63, 47A30, 15A60, 26D15, 26D10. Key words and phrases. Hermitian unital Banach -algebra, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities, Operator convex functions. 1 2 SILVESTRU SEVER DRAGOMIR Let a 2 A and a > 0; then 0 = 2 (a) and the fact that (a) is a compact subset of C implies that inffz : z 2 (a)g > 0 and supfz : z 2 (a)g < 1: Choose to be close recti
able curve in fRe z > 0g; the right half open plane of the complex plane, such that (a) ins ( ) ; the inside of : Let G be an open subset of C with (a) G: If f : G! C is analytic, we de
ne an element f (a) in A by f (a) := 1 2 i Z f (z) (z a) 1 dz; where is a close recti
able curve such that (a) ins ( ) : It is well known (see for instance [2, pp. 201-204]) that f (a) does not depend on the choice of and the Spectral Mapping Theorem (SMT) (f (a)) = f ( (a)) holds. For any 2 R we de
ne for a 2 A and a > 0; the real power a := 1 2 i Z z (z a) 1 dz; where z is the principal -power of z: Since A is a Banach -algebra, then a 2 A: Moreover, since z is analytic in fRe z > 0g; then by (SMT) we have (a ) = ( (a)) = fz : z 2 (a)g (0;1) : Following [6], we list below some important properties of real powers: (viii) If 0 < a 2 A and 2 R, then a 2 A with a > 0 and a 1=2 = a; [10, Lemma 6]; (ix) If 0 < a 2 A and ; 2 R, then a a = a + ; (x) If 0 < a 2 A and 2 R, then (a ) 1 = a 1 = a ; (xi) If 0 < a; b 2 A, ; 2 R and ab = ba; then a b = b a : Now, assume that f ( ) is analytic in G, an open subset of C and for the real interval I G assume that f (z) 0 for any z 2 I: If u 2 A such that (u) I; then by (SMT) we have (f (u)) = f ( (u)) f (I) [0;1) meaning that f (u) 0 in the order of A: Therefore, we can state the following fact that will be used to establish various inequalities in A; see also [3]. Lemma 1. Let f (z) and g (z) be analytic in G, an open subset of C and for the real interval I G; assume that f (z) g (z) for any z 2 I: Then for any u 2 A with (u) I we have f (u) g (u) in the order of A: For some recent inequalities in Hermitian Banach -algebras, see [3], [4] and [5]. Let G be an open subset of C and I G a real interval. If a; b 2 A with (a) ; (b) I; then by SMT the element (1 t) a + tb 2 A has the spectrum ((1 t) a+ tb) I for all t 2 [0; 1] : We say that an analytic function f (z) in G is operator convex on I in the Hermitian Banach -algebra A if (1.1) f ((1 t) a+ tb) (1 t) f (a) + tf (b) in the order of A for all a; b 2 A with (a) ; (b) I and all t 2 [0; 1] : INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE 3 It is well known that, if E is a Banach space and g : [0; 1] ! E is a continuous function, then g is Bochner integrable, and its Bochner integral coincides with its Riemann integral. We denote this integral as usual by R 1 0 g (t) dt: By taking the integral in (1.1), then we get