INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE FOR OPERATOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON HERMITIAN UNITAL

INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE FOR OPERATOR CONVEX FUNCTIONS ON HERMITIAN UNITAL
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厄米特单位算子凸函数的埃尔米特-哈达玛型不等式

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2020
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通讯作者:
S. Dragomir
S. Dragomir
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作者:
Banach Algebras;S. Dragomir

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我们在本文中建立了 Hermitian 单位 Banach 代数上的算子凸函数的 Hermite-Hadamard 型不等式。 1. 简介 我们需要一些关于巴纳赫代数的初步概念和事实。设A 为单位Banach 代数,单位为1。如果a = a,则元素a 2 A 称为自共轭:如果A 中的每个自共轭元素a 都有实谱(a) ,则A 称为埃尔米特矩阵;即 (a) R。我们说元素 a 是非负的,如果 a = a 且 (a) [0;1) ,则将其写为 a 0 :我们说 a 是正数,如果 a 0 且 0 = 2,则将其写为 a > 0 (a) :因此 a > 0 意味着其逆 a 1 存在。用 Inv (A) 表示 A 的所有可逆元素的集合: b 2 Inv (A) ;那么 ab 2 Inv (A) 和 (ab) 1 = b a :另外,说 a b 意味着 a b 0 ,类似地,a > b 意味着 a b > 0:Shirali-Ford 定理断言,如果 A 是单位 Banach 代数 [9](另见 [1,定理 41.5]),则 (SF) a a 0 对于每个 a 2 A:基于这一事实,Okayasu [8]、Tanahashi 和 Uchiyama [10] 证明了以下基本性质(另见 [6]): (i) 如果 a; b 2 A;然后是 0; b 0 意味着 a+ b 0 且 0 意味着 a 0; (ii) 如果: b 2 A;那么a > 0; b 0 意味着 a+ b > 0; (iii) 如果: b 2 A;那么 a b > 0 或 a > b 0 意味着 a > 0; (iv) 如果 a > 0;那么 1 > 0; (v) 如果 c > 0;那么 0 < b < a 当且仅当 cbc < cac;也 0 < b a 当且仅当 cbc cac; (vi) 如果 0 < a < 1;那么 1 < a ; (vii) 如果 0 < b < a;那么 0 < a 1 < b ;另外,如果 0 < b a;那么 0 < a 1 b :Okayasu [8] 表明 Löwner-Heinz 不等式在具有连续对合的 Hermitian 单位 Banach 代数中仍然有效,即如果 a; b 2 A 和 p 2 [0; 1] 那么 a > b (a b) 意味着 a > b (a b) :为了引入正元素的实幂,我们需要以下事实[1,定理 41.5]。 1991年数学学科分类。 47A63、47A30、15A60、26D15、26D10。关键词和短语。 Hermitian 单位 Banach 代数、Hermite-Hadamard 型不等式、算子凸函数。 1 2 SILVESTRU SEVER DRAGOMIR 设 a 2 A 且 a > 0;则 0 = 2 (a) 并且 (a) 是 C 的紧子集这一事实意味着 inffz : z 2 (a)g > 0 和 sufz : z 2 (a)g < 1:选择在 fRe z > 0g 中接近可直曲线;复平面的右半开平面,使得 (a) ins ( ) ;的内部:设 G 是 C 的开子集 (a) G: If f : G! C 是解析的,我们通过 f (a) := 1 2 i Z f (z) (z a) 1 dz 定义 A 中的元素 f (a);其中 是一条闭合可直曲线,使得 (a) ins ( ) :众所周知(参见例如 [2,第 201-204 页])f (a) 不依赖于 的选择,并且频谱映射定理 (SMT) (f (a)) = f ( (a)) 成立。对于任何 2 R,我们定义为 2 A 且 a > 0;有功功率 a := 1 2 i Z z (z a) 1 dz;其中 z 是 z 的主幂: 由于 A 是 Banach 代数,则 a 2 A: 此外,由于 z 在 fRe z > 0g 中是解析的;那么通过 (SMT) 我们有 (a ) = ( (a)) = fz : z 2 (a)g (0;1) :根据[6],我们在下面列出了实权的一些重要属性: (viii) 如果 0 < a 2 A 且 2 R,则 a 2 A 且 a > 0 且 a 1=2 = a; [10,引理6]; (ix) 如果 0 < a 2 A 且; 2 R,则 a a = a + ; (x) 如果 0 < a 2 A 和 2 R,则 (a ) 1 = a 1 = a ; (xi) 如果 0 < a; b 2 A,; 2 R 和 ab = ba;那么 a b = b a :现在,假设 f ( ) 在 G 中解析,G 是 C 的开子集,并且对于实区间 I G 假设对于任何 z 2 I 都有 f (z) 0: 如果 u 2 A 使得 (u) I;那么通过 (SMT) 我们有 (f (u)) = f ( (u)) f (I) [0;1) 意味着 f (u) 0 按 A 的顺序: 因此,我们可以陈述以下事实,该事实将用于建立 A 中的各种不等式;另见[3]。引理 1. 设 f (z) 和 g (z) 在 G 中解析,G 是 C 的开子集,并且对于实数区间 I G;假设 f (z) g (z) 对于任何 z 2 I: 那么对于任何 u 2 A 和 (u) I,我们有 A 阶的 f (u) g (u): 对于 Hermitian Banach 代数中最近的一些不等式,请参阅 [3]、[4] 和 [5]。设 G 为 C 的开子集,IG 为实数区间。如果一个; b 2 A 与 (a) ; (b) 我;那么通过 SMT,元素 (1 t) a + tb 2 A 对于所有 t 2 [0; 具有谱 ((1 t) a+ tb) I 1] :我们说 G 中的解析函数 f (z) 是 Hermitian Banach 代数 A 中 I 上的算子凸函数 if (1.1) f ((1 t) a+ tb) (1 t) f (a) + tf (b) 对于所有 a,按 A 的顺序; b 2 A 与 (a) ; (b) I 和所有 t 2 [0; 1] : Hermite-HADAMARD 类型 3 不等式 众所周知,如果 E 是 Banach 空间且 g : [0; 1]! E是连续函数,则g是Bochner可积,并且其Bochner积分与其Riemann积分一致。我们照常用 R 1 0 g (t) dt 表示这个积分: 通过对 (1.1) 进行积分,我们得到
We establish in this paper some inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for operator convex functions on Hermitian unital Banach -algebras. 1. Introduction We need some preliminary concepts and facts about Banach -algebras. Let A be a unital Banach -algebra with unit 1. An element a 2 A is called selfadjoint if a = a: A is called Hermitian if every selfadjoint element a in A has real spectrum (a) ; namely (a) R. We say that an element a is nonnegative and write this as a 0 if a = a and (a) [0;1) : We say that a is positive and write a > 0 if a 0 and 0 = 2 (a) : Thus a > 0 implies that its inverse a 1 exists. Denote the set of all invertible elements of A by Inv (A) : If a; b 2 Inv (A) ; then ab 2 Inv (A) and (ab) 1 = b a : Also, saying that a b means that a b 0 and, similarly a > b means that a b > 0: The Shirali-Ford theorem asserts that if A is a unital Banach -algebra [9] (see also [1, Theorem 41.5]), then (SF) a a 0 for every a 2 A: Based on this fact, Okayasu [8], Tanahashi and Uchiyama [10] proved the following fundamental properties (see also [6]): (i) If a; b 2 A; then a 0; b 0 imply a+ b 0 and 0 implies a 0; (ii) If a; b 2 A; then a > 0; b 0 imply a+ b > 0; (iii) If a; b 2 A; then either a b > 0 or a > b 0 imply a > 0; (iv) If a > 0; then a 1 > 0; (v) If c > 0; then 0 < b < a if and only if cbc < cac; also 0 < b a if and only if cbc cac; (vi) If 0 < a < 1; then 1 < a ; (vii) If 0 < b < a; then 0 < a 1 < b ; also if 0 < b a; then 0 < a 1 b : Okayasu [8] showed that the Löwner-Heinz inequality remains valid in a Hermitian unital Banach -algebra with continuous involution, namely if a; b 2 A and p 2 [0; 1] then a > b (a b) implies that a > b (a b) : In order to introduce the real power of a positive element, we need the following facts [1, Theorem 41.5]. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classi…cation. 47A63, 47A30, 15A60, 26D15, 26D10. Key words and phrases. Hermitian unital Banach -algebra, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities, Operator convex functions. 1 2 SILVESTRU SEVER DRAGOMIR Let a 2 A and a > 0; then 0 = 2 (a) and the fact that (a) is a compact subset of C implies that inffz : z 2 (a)g > 0 and supfz : z 2 (a)g < 1: Choose to be close recti…able curve in fRe z > 0g; the right half open plane of the complex plane, such that (a) ins ( ) ; the inside of : Let G be an open subset of C with (a) G: If f : G! C is analytic, we de…ne an element f (a) in A by f (a) := 1 2 i Z f (z) (z a) 1 dz; where is a close recti…able curve such that (a) ins ( ) : It is well known (see for instance [2, pp. 201-204]) that f (a) does not depend on the choice of and the Spectral Mapping Theorem (SMT) (f (a)) = f ( (a)) holds. For any 2 R we de…ne for a 2 A and a > 0; the real power a := 1 2 i Z z (z a) 1 dz; where z is the principal -power of z: Since A is a Banach -algebra, then a 2 A: Moreover, since z is analytic in fRe z > 0g; then by (SMT) we have (a ) = ( (a)) = fz : z 2 (a)g (0;1) : Following [6], we list below some important properties of real powers: (viii) If 0 < a 2 A and 2 R, then a 2 A with a > 0 and a 1=2 = a; [10, Lemma 6]; (ix) If 0 < a 2 A and ; 2 R, then a a = a + ; (x) If 0 < a 2 A and 2 R, then (a ) 1 = a 1 = a ; (xi) If 0 < a; b 2 A, ; 2 R and ab = ba; then a b = b a : Now, assume that f ( ) is analytic in G, an open subset of C and for the real interval I G assume that f (z) 0 for any z 2 I: If u 2 A such that (u) I; then by (SMT) we have (f (u)) = f ( (u)) f (I) [0;1) meaning that f (u) 0 in the order of A: Therefore, we can state the following fact that will be used to establish various inequalities in A; see also [3]. Lemma 1. Let f (z) and g (z) be analytic in G, an open subset of C and for the real interval I G; assume that f (z) g (z) for any z 2 I: Then for any u 2 A with (u) I we have f (u) g (u) in the order of A: For some recent inequalities in Hermitian Banach -algebras, see [3], [4] and [5]. Let G be an open subset of C and I G a real interval. If a; b 2 A with (a) ; (b) I; then by SMT the element (1 t) a + tb 2 A has the spectrum ((1 t) a+ tb) I for all t 2 [0; 1] : We say that an analytic function f (z) in G is operator convex on I in the Hermitian Banach -algebra A if (1.1) f ((1 t) a+ tb) (1 t) f (a) + tf (b) in the order of A for all a; b 2 A with (a) ; (b) I and all t 2 [0; 1] : INEQUALITIES OF HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE 3 It is well known that, if E is a Banach space and g : [0; 1] ! E is a continuous function, then g is Bochner integrable, and its Bochner integral coincides with its Riemann integral. We denote this integral as usual by R 1 0 g (t) dt: By taking the integral in (1.1), then we get