Impact of Alcohol Advertising and Media Exposure on Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
Impact of Alcohol Advertising and Media Exposure on Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
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DOI：
10.1093/alcalc/agn115
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Hastings, Gerard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Peter;de Bruijn, Avalon;Hastings, Gerard
目的：评估酒精广告和媒体曝光对未来青少年饮酒的影响。研究方法：我们检索了MEDLINE、科克伦图书馆、社会学文摘和PsycLIT，检索时间为1990年至2008年9月，并辅以Google Scholar检索、关键期刊手动检索以及已识别论文和关键出版物的参考文献列表，以查找更新的出版物。我们选择了纵向研究，评估个人暴露于商业通信和媒体和饮酒行为的基线，并在随访时评估饮酒行为。参与者为18岁或以下的青少年，或低于研究来源国的法律的饮酒年龄，以较高者为准。结果：13项纵向研究共随访了38，000多名年轻人，符合纳入标准。这些研究以各种方式衡量广告和促销的曝光情况，包括估计媒体和广告曝光量、品牌商品的所有权、回忆和接受度，还有一项研究是关于广告支出的。随访8 ~ 96个月。一项研究报告了3年、5年和8年多个时间点的结局。7项研究提供了非饮酒者开始饮酒的数据，3项研究提供了基线饮酒者饮酒的维持和频率，7项研究提供了基线时非饮酒者和饮酒者总样本的饮酒情况。13项研究中有12项得出结论，暴露对随后的酒精使用产生影响，包括现有饮酒者开始饮酒和酗酒，在所有报告此类暴露和分析的研究中均存在剂量反应关系。关联强度和潜在混杂因素的控制程度存在差异。第十三项研究测试了学校附近放置的户外广告的影响，没有发现对酒精使用的影响，但发现对使用意图的影响。结论：纵向研究一致表明，接触媒体和商业传播的酒精与青少年开始饮酒的可能性有关，并与基线饮酒者中饮酒量的增加有关。基于这种关联的强度，众多观察性研究结果的一致性，观察到的暴露和饮酒行为的时间性，剂量反应关系，以及媒体曝光和商业传播影响的理论合理性，我们得出结论，酒精广告和促销增加了青少年开始使用酒精的可能性，如果他们已经在喝酒，就应该喝更多。
Aims: To assess the impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on future adolescent alcohol use. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Sociological Abstracts, and PsycLIT, from 1990 to September 2008, supplemented with searches of Google scholar, hand searches of key journals and reference lists of identified papers and key publications for more recent publications. We selected longitudinal studies that assessed individuals' exposure to commercial communications and media and alcohol drinking behaviour at baseline, and assessed alcohol drinking behaviour at follow-up. Participants were adolescents aged 18 years or younger or below the legal drinking age of the country of origin of the study, whichever was the higher. Results: Thirteen longitudinal studies that followed up a total of over 38,000 young people met inclusion criteria. The studies measured exposure to advertising and promotion in a variety of ways, including estimates of the volume of media and advertising exposure, ownership of branded merchandise, recall and receptivity, and one study on expenditure on advertisements. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 96 months. One study reported outcomes at multiple time-points, 3, 5, and 8 years. Seven studies provided data on initiation of alcohol use amongst non-drinkers, three studies on maintenance and frequency of drinking amongst baseline drinkers, and seven studies on alcohol use of the total sample of non-drinkers and drinkers at baseline. Twelve of the thirteen studies concluded an impact of exposure on subsequent alcohol use, including initiation of drinking and heavier drinking amongst existing drinkers, with a dose response relationship in all studies that reported such exposure and analysis. There was variation in the strength of association, and the degree to which potential confounders were controlled for. The thirteenth study, which tested the impact of outdoor advertising placed near schools failed to detect an impact on alcohol use, but found an impact on intentions to use. Conclusions: Longitudinal studies consistently suggest that exposure to media and commercial communications on alcohol is associated with the likelihood that adolescents will start to drink alcohol, and with increased drinking amongst baseline drinkers. Based on the strength of this association, the consistency of findings across numerous observational studies, temporality of exposure and drinking behaviours observed, dose-response relationships, as well as the theoretical plausibility regarding the impact of media exposure and commercial communications, we conclude that alcohol advertising and promotion increases the likelihood that adolescents will start to use alcohol, and to drink more if they are already using alcohol.