Aging and selective attention: an issue of complexity or multiple mechanisms?
Aging and selective attention: an issue of complexity or multiple mechanisms?
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/54b.1.p30
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jill M. Brink;J. M. McDowd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jill M. Brink;J. M. McDowd
以前的研究表明，年龄相关的缺陷，在选择性注意，不同的任务要求的功能。本研究旨在将任务复杂性对年龄相关绩效差异的影响与认知需求的质的差异分离开来。24名年轻人和24名老年人接受了两种版本的Stroop测试（Hartley，1993）。颜色块版本需要识别一个盒子的颜色，而忽略打印在盒子上方或下方的颜色名称。Color-Word版本需要命名单词的颜色，而忽略单词的语义（颜色名称）。每个版本的任务都包括一个两种和四种颜色的选择条件，作为对任务复杂性的操纵。老年人和年轻人在色块任务中表现出明显的差异，但老年人在颜色词任务的两种条件下都受到了明显的损害，特别是在四个选择的条件下。结果表明，年龄相关的差异，在不同的注意力过程中所要求的每一项任务是不是由于一般放缓。
Previous studies have shown age-associated deficits in selective attention that vary as a function of task demands. The present study was conducted to dissociate the effect of task complexity on age-related performance differences from qualitative differences in cognitive demands. Twenty-four young and 24 older adults were administered two versions of the Stroop Test (Hartley, 1993). The Color-Block version required identifying the color of a box while ignoring the name of a color printed either above or below the box. The Color-Word version required naming the color of a word while ignoring the semantic meaning of the word (a color name). Each version of the task included a two- and four-color choice condition as a manipulation of task complexity. Old and young adults performed comparably on the Color-Block Task, but older adults were significantly impaired on both conditions of the Color-Word Task, particularly in the four-choice condition. Results suggest age-related differences in the distinct attentional processes demanded by each task are not attributable to general slowing.