Opiates, opioids and addiction.
Opiates, opioids and addiction.
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作者：
M. Kreek
从公众和个人健康的角度来看，增加我们对主要成瘾性疾病--鸦片、可卡因成瘾和酗酒--的了解是非常重要的。每一种疾病都与对身心健康产生深远的负面影响有关，而且每一种疾病都具有破坏性的社会和经济后果。这些成瘾性疾病中的每一种都与主要传染病有关，包括艾滋病、乙肝、丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎和G型肝炎，无论是通过肠道外传播还是性传播。自1967年以来，我们解决了与我们早期关于成瘾发展的假设有关的研究问题，即对压力和应激源的非典型反应可能在药物滥用的获得、持续和复发中发挥核心作用。我们一直在人类和动物模型中进行研究，重点关注应激反应下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴中断在阿片成瘾、可卡因依赖和酒精中毒中的作用。我们还研究了内源性阿片系统在调节这一轴中的作用，以及内源性阿片系统与多巴胺能系统以及与药物滥用增强效应相关的其他神经递质和神经肽的相互作用。
Increasing our knowledge about the major addictive diseases, opiate and cocaine addiction and alcoholism, is of great importance from a public, as well as personal health perspective. Each disease is associated with profound and negative impacts on physical and mental health and also each has devastating social and economic consequences. Each of these addictive diseases has been associated with major infectious diseases including AIDS, hepatitis B, C, D and G, either through parenteral or sexual transmission. Since 1967, we have addressed the research question related to our early hypotheses on the development of an addiction, that atypical responsitivity to stress and stressors may play a central role in the acquisition and persistence of, and relapse to, drug abuse. We have been conducting studies both in humans and in animal models focused on the role of disruption of the stress responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in opiate addiction, cocaine dependency and alcoholism. We also have conducted studies of the role of the endogenous opioid system in modulation of this axis, as well as the interaction of the endogenous opioid system with the dopaminergic system and other neurotransmitter and neuropeptides related to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse.