Nicotine and carcinogen exposure after water pipe smoking in hookah bars.
Nicotine and carcinogen exposure after water pipe smoking in hookah bars.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0939
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jacob P 3rd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
St Helen G;Benowitz NL;Dains KM;Havel C;Peng M;Jacob P 3rd
吸水烟正在全球范围内蔓延，并且在美国越来越流行，尤其是在年轻人中。虽然许多人认为吸水烟相对安全，但临床实验研究表明，使用水烟后会大量接触烟草烟雾致癌物质。我们研究了在水烟吧的自然环境中尼古丁摄入量和吸水烟致癌物暴露的生物标志物。对 55 名经验丰富的水烟使用者在水烟吧以习惯方式吸水烟之前和之后进行了研究。分析尿液样本中的尼古丁、可替宁、烟草特有的亚硝胺 4-(甲基亚硝基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇 (NNAL) 和挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的硫醇代谢物。我们发现，吸水烟后，尼古丁平均增加 73 倍，可替宁增加 4 倍，NNAL 增加 2 倍，VOC 硫醇代谢物增加 14-91%。我们发现烟草特异性生物标志物（尼古丁、可替宁和 NNAL）的变化与 VOC 的几种硫醇代谢物之间存在中度至高度相关性。在水烟吧吸水烟与大量的尼古丁摄入和致癌物质暴露有关。鉴于尼古丁和致癌物质的大量摄入，长期使用水烟可能会增加使用者患癌症和其他慢性疾病的风险。
Water pipe tobacco smoking is spreading globally and is increasingly becoming popular in the United States, particularly among young people. While many perceive water pipe smoking to be relatively safe, clinical experimental studies indicate significant exposures to tobacco smoke carcinogens following water pipe use. We investigated biomarkers of nicotine intake and carcinogen exposure from water pipe smoking in the naturalistic setting of hookah bars. Fifty-five experienced water pipe users were studied before and after smoking water pipe in their customary way in a hookah bar. Urine samples were analyzed for nicotine, cotinine, the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (NNAL), and mercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We found an average 73-fold increase in nicotine, 4-fold increase in cotinine, 2-fold increase in NNAL, and 14-91% increase in VOC mercapturic acid metabolites immediately following water pipe smoking. We saw moderate to high correlations between changes in tobacco-specific biomarkers (nicotine, cotinine, and NNAL) and several mercapturic acid metabolites of VOC. Water pipe smoking in a hookah bar is associated with significant nicotine intake and carcinogen exposure. Given the significant intake of nicotine and carcinogens, chronic water pipe use could place users at increased risk of cancer and other chronic diseases.