REVIEW: The role of ecosystems and their management in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality
REVIEW: The role of ecosystems and their management in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12016
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发表时间：
2013-08
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Pete Smith;M. Ashmore;H. Black;P. Burgess;C. Evans;T. Quine;A. Thomson;K. Hicks;H. Orr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pete Smith;M. Ashmore;H. Black;P. Burgess;C. Evans;T. Quine;A. Thomson;K. Hicks;H. Orr
1.生态系统在调节气候、土壤、水和空气质量方面发挥着关键作用，但通过管理改变生态系统进程以支持一种调节性生态系统服务，既可以为其他服务带来共同利益，也可能导致权衡取舍。2.我们研究生态系统在提供这些调节生态系统服务的作用，使用英国作为我们的案例研究区域。我们确定了生态系统管理的一些主要共同利益和权衡，以及气候调节，土壤，水和空气质量调节的调节服务，并在相关的地方，我们还描述了与其他生态系统服务的相互作用。我们的分析清楚地确定了这些不同生态系统服务之间的许多重要联系。3.然而，土壤、水和空气质量监管往往由不同的立法管辖或由不同的监管机构管辖，这可能使最佳管理难以确定和实施。处理空气、水和土壤问题的政策和立法有时相互脱节，没有对这些政策如何相互作用的综合概述。这可能导致在土壤、水和空气的使用和管理方面产生相互矛盾的信息。同样，气候变化立法与旨在保护和提高土壤、水和空气质量的立法是分开的，导致进一步的政策冲突的可能性。4.所有监管服务，即使具有协同作用，也可能会与其他生态系统服务进行权衡。在政策层面，这可能是最大的冲突。即使是个别的管制服务也包括多种相互对照的指标（例如水质的各种组成部分，如营养水平、酸度、病原体和沉积物），这一事实增加了挑战的复杂性。5.合成与应用。我们的结论是，虽然有一些很好的综合生态系统管理的例子，生态系统管理的某些方面可以更好地协调，以提供多种生态系统服务，生态系统服务框架，以评估共同利益和权衡将有助于监管机构，政策制定者和生态系统管理人员提供更一致的生态系统管理战略。通过这种方式，生态系统服务框架可以改善对气候、土壤、水和空气质量的监管，即使在没有对各项服务进行经济估值的情况下也是如此。
1. Ecosystems have a critical role in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality, but management to change an ecosystem process in support of one regulating ecosystem service can either provide co-benefits to other services or can result in trade-offs. 2. We examine the role of ecosystems in delivering these regulating ecosystem services, using the UK as our case study region. We identify some of the main co-benefits and trade-offs of ecosystem management within, and across, the regulating services of climate regulation, and soil, water and air quality regulation, and where relevant, we also describe interactions with other ecosystem services. Our analysis clearly identifies the many important linkages between these different ecosystem services. 3. However, soil, water and air quality regulation are often governed by different legislation or are under the jurisdiction of different regulators, which can make optimal management difficult to identify and to implement. Policies and legislation addressing air, water and soil are sometimes disconnected, with no integrated overview of how these policies interact. This can lead to conflicting messages regarding the use and management of soil, water and air. Similarly, climate change legislation is separate from that aiming to protect and enhance soil, water and air quality, leading to further potential for policy conflict. 4. All regulating services, even if they are synergistic, may trade off against other ecosystem services. At a policy level, this may well be the biggest conflict. The fact that even individual regulating services comprise multiple and contrasting indicators (e.g. the various components of water quality such as nutrient levels, acidity, pathogens and sediments), adds to the complexity of the challenge. 5. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that although there are some good examples of integrated ecosystem management, some aspects of ecosystem management could be better coordinated to deliver multiple ecosystem services, and that an ecosystem services framework to assess co-benefits and trade-offs would help regulators, policy-makers and ecosystem managers to deliver more coherent ecosystem management strategies. In this way, an ecosystem services framework may improve the regulation of climate, and soil, water and air quality, even in the absence of economic valuation of the individual services.