Blood parasites, sexual selection and reproductive success of European kestrels
Blood parasites, sexual selection and reproductive success of European kestrels
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欧洲红隼的血液寄生虫、性选择和繁殖成功
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Bennett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Korpimäki;P. Tolonen;G. Bennett
性选择的Hamilton-Zuk假说（HZH）认为，寄生虫可以诱导可遗传的适合度差异，这是雌性择偶的一个线索。资源供给假说（RPH）认为，雌性与未被寄生的雄性交配以获得资源，例如雄性的父母照顾。1991-1993年期间，在芬兰西部繁殖的148只红隼（Falco tinnunculus）对中，从113只雌性和94只雄性中随机抽取血液样本。血片中最常见的血吸虫是锡血变形杆菌（女性总患病率为40%，男性为25%）和H。brachiatus（13%和10%）。成年（≥ 2岁）尾羽鲜艳的雄鸟H. tinnun-culi比暗尾雄性更大。种内，HZH预测的第二性征和寄生虫负载的表达之间的反比关系，但明亮的背部和尾部的颜色（提示女性择偶）的成年男性不少于寄生与haemoproteids比沉闷的男性。HZH还预测了宿主适合度与其寄生虫负荷之间的负相关关系。感染血蛋白酶的成年雄性的配偶开始产卵较晚，产窝数比未感染的成年雄性的配偶小（平均产卵日期5月9日对5月4日; 1991-1993年期间平均窝卵数5.2对5.7）。受感染的雄性可能会减少他们在求偶喂养方面的投资，因为他们可能比未受感染的雄性更不活跃。受感染的男性的健身减少，那么可能不是寄生虫抗性的遗传差异的结果，而是一个结果，影响收购的资源，投资于昂贵的清除寄生虫和父母的照顾，男性之间的生存能力差异。这似乎支持RPH的预测，女性获得父母的照顾，选择unparasitized男性。
The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis (HZH) of sexual selection postulates that parasites could induce heritable fitness dif- ferences that are a cue for female mate choice. The Resource Provisioning hypothesis (RPH) says that females mate with unparasitized males to acquire resources, such as male parental care. Blood was randomly sampled from 113 individual females and 94 males among 148 kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) pairs breeding in western Finland during 1991-1993. The most common haematozoans in the blood films were Haemoproteus tinnunculi (overall prevalence 40% for females and 25% for males) and H. brachiatus (13% and 10%). Adult (≥ 2-year old) males with bright tail feathers had a higher load of H. tinnun- culi than dull-tailed males. Intraspecifically, HZH predicts an inverse relationship between the expression of a secondary sexual trait and parasite load, but adult males with bright back and tail colours (a cue for female mate choice) were not less parasitized with haemoproteids than dull males. HZH also predicts a negative relationship between the host fitness and its parasite load. Partners of haemoproteid infected adult males started to lay eggs later and produced smaller clutches than part- ners of non-infected adult males (mean laying date 9 May versus 4 May; mean clutch size 5.2 versus 5.7 during 1991-1993). Infected males may diminish their investment in courtship feeding, because they may be less vigorous than non-infected males. The reduced fitness of infected males may then not be a consequence of genetical dissimilarities in parasite resistance, but instead a consequence of inter-male viability differences that affect the acquisition of resources that are invested in costly clearance of parasites and parental care. This appears to support the prediction of RPH that females gain parental care by choosing unparasitized males.