Noun-verb dissociations: a multi-faceted phenomenon
Noun-verb dissociations: a multi-faceted phenomenon
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DOI：
10.1016/s0911-6044(02)00017-9
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Chiat, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, M;Chiat, S
如果我们正在寻找语言处理中的分离，名词和动词是强有力的候选者。在正常发育以及发育和后天障碍中，通常会发现差异，但通常（但不完全）有利于名词。在本文中，我们重新审视这些差异。我们认为名词和动词之间的句法区别与语音和语义差异密切相关。从语音上来说，英语动词的重音模式往往不如名词那么典型。句子的持续时间较短；并且音节更少。从语义上讲，动词和名词的许多因素的负载不同：它们的概念范围（“事物”总是映射到名词，“关系”通常映射到动词）；它们的语义复杂性取决于它们连接的实体的出现和数量（它们的“论证结构”）；以及它们的含义和非语言概念之间映射的紧密程度（与具体/抽象区别类似但不完全相同）。我们回顾了报告的解离，表明所有这些因素都发挥了作用。正常发育的儿童通常会在动词之前产生名词，但这取决于这些类别的语义、句法和语音特征。患有失语症的语言障碍儿童和成人在使用动词时通常表现出比名词更大的限制，但困难模式表明语音和语义的影响。我们的结论是，所报告的模式不能简化为任何一种语言处理级别。 (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有权利。
If we are looking for dissociations in language processing, nouns and verbs are strong candidates. In normal development as well as in developmental and acquired impairments, differences are typically found, usually, though not exclusively, in favour of nouns. In this paper, we re-visit these differences. We argue that the syntactic distinction between nouns and verbs goes hand in hand with phonological and semantic differences. Phonologically, verbs in English tend to have less typical stress patterns than nouns; to be of shorter duration in sentences; and to have fewer syllables. Semantically, a number of factors load differently for verbs and nouns: their conceptual range (with 'things' always mapping onto nouns and 'relations' typically mapping onto verbs); their semantic complexity in terms of the occurrence and number of entities they connect (their 'argument structure'); and the closeness of the mapping between their meanings and non-linguistic concepts (something similar but not identical to the concrete/abstract distinction). We review the reported dissociations showing that all these factors play a role. Normally developing children commonly produce nouns before verbs but this varies depending on semantic, syntactic and phonological characteristics of these categories. Language-impaired children and adults with aphasia commonly show greater limitations in their use of verbs than nouns but patterns of difficulty point to phonological and semantic influences. We conclude that the patterns reported cannot be reduced to any one level of language processing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.