Whence Differences in Value Priorities? Individual, Cultural, or Artifactual Sources
Whence Differences in Value Priorities? Individual, Cultural, or Artifactual Sources
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DOI：
10.1177/0022022110381429
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Schwartz, Shalom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer, Ronald;Schwartz, Shalom
不同国家的价值优先顺序有多大差异，国家内部的个人在多大程度上共享价值观？我们使用三组不同测量值的数据来解决这些问题：针对67个国家的学生和教师样本的施瓦茨价值调查（N = 41968），来自19个欧洲国家的代表性样本的肖像价值问卷（N = 42359），以及来自62个国家的代表性样本的世界价值调查（N = 84887）。分析显示，各国在价值优先事项上的共识多于分歧，驳斥了文化决定价值观的强烈主张。与自主性、亲缘性和能力相关的价值观表现出高度重要性和高度共识的普遍模式。只有从众价值观显示出模式，表明它们是衡量文化作为共享意义系统的良好候选者。我们排除了参照群体效应和反应风格效应作为对结果的替代解释，并讨论了它们对价值理论、跨文化研究和基于价值的群体间冲突的影响。
To what extent do value priorities vary across countries and to what extent do individuals within countries share values? We address these questions using three sets of data that each measure values differently: the Schwartz Value Survey for student and teacher samples in 67 countries (N = 41,968), the Portrait Values Questionnaire for representative samples from 19 European countries (N = 42,359), and the World Value Survey for representative samples from 62 countries (N = 84,887). Analyses reveal more consensus than disagreement on value priorities across countries, refuting strong claims that culture determines values. Values associated with autonomy, relatedness, and competence show a universal pattern of high importance and high consensus. Only conformity values show patterns suggesting they are good candidates for measuring culture as shared meaning systems. We rule out reference-group and response style effects as alternative explanations for the results and discuss their implications for value theory, cross-cultural research, and value-based intergroup conflict.