Introduction to the special issue: Substance use and the adolescent brain: Developmental impacts, interventions, and longitudinal outcomes.
Introduction to the special issue: Substance use and the adolescent brain: Developmental impacts, interventions, and longitudinal outcomes.
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特刊简介：药物使用和青少年大脑：发育影响、干预措施和纵向结果。
DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.005
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
FeldsteinEwing,SarahW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luciana,Monica;FeldsteinEwing,SarahW
青少年药物滥用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，特别是考虑到在急性中毒期间和之后经常发生的负面大脑和行为后果。当在青少年早期开始使用物质时，负面结果似乎特别明显，这可能是由于神经适应增加了成年后物质使用障碍的风险。解释这些流行病学趋势的最新模型侧重于基于大脑的使用脆弱性以及与药物初治样本中开始使用相关的神经发育畸变，或通过描述重度使用者和对照之间的病例对照差异。在这项研究中，青少年酒精和大麻使用者表现出区域灰质体积相对减少，白色物质体积的物质特异性改变，白色物质束的微结构完整性的偏差，调节皮层下区域和更高级别的调节控制区域之间的通信，以及功能连接的缺陷。这些大脑异常如何映射到其他类型的青少年风险行为和后来的脆弱性代表了继续研究的主要问题。这期特刊通过介绍新的方法论、经验关系和这一领域主要领导人的观点，解决了这些引人注目和及时的问题。
Adolescent substance abuse is a major public health problem, particularly given the negative brain and behavioral consequences that often occur during and following acute intoxication. Negative outcomes appear to be especially pronounced when substance use is initiated in the early adolescent years, perhaps due to neural adaptations that increase risk for substance use disorders into adulthood. Recent models to explain these epidemiological trends have focused on brain-based vulnerabilities to use as well as neurodevelopmental aberrations associated with initiation of use in substance naïve samples or through the description of case-control differences between heavy users and controls. Within this research, adolescent alcohol and marijuana users have shown relative decreases in regional gray matter volumes, substance-specific alterations in white matter volumes, deviations in microstructural integrity in white matter tracts that regulate communication between subcortical areas and higher level regulatory control regions, and deficits in functional connectivity. How these brain anomalies map onto other types of youth risk behavior and later vulnerabilities represent major questions for continued research. This special issue addresses these compelling and timely questions by introducing new methodologies, empirical relationships, and perspectives from major leaders in this field.