Divergent palate morphology in turtles and birds correlates with differences in proliferation and BMP2 expression during embryonic development.
Divergent palate morphology in turtles and birds correlates with differences in proliferation and BMP2 expression during embryonic development.
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.22547
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Richman, Joy Marion
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abramyan, John;Leung, Kelvin Jia-Mien;Richman, Joy Marion
在胚胎发育过程中，羊膜通常从上颌突起的内侧形成外生物，称为腭架或腭突。哺乳动物的鼻梁在中线融合，形成坚硬的硬腭，将鼻腔和口腔完全分开。在鸟类和蜥蜴中，腭突发育但保持不融合，留下一个自然的裂缝。成年龟没有腭突，与其他羊膜动物不同，它们的内耳向口腔开放。在这里，我们研究了龟的颅面个体发育，以确定退化的腭突是否发育并随后退化，或者发育是否完全失败。我们发现海龟的初级上颚发育与其他羊膜动物相似，但次级上颚个体发育不同。通过组织学、细胞动力学和原位杂交，我们发现在海龟面部个体发育的任何时候都没有腭突发育的证据。此外，通过与鸡胚胎（从分子系统发育角度来看与海龟关系最密切的模式生物）的详细比较，我们发现了与腭形态差异相关的增殖和基因表达模式的差异。我们认为，在海龟中，由于上颌间质中缺乏间充质骨形态发生蛋白2 （BMP2）的表达，腭突生长从未开始，这反过来又不能诱导内侧组织生长所需的相对较高的细胞增殖。海龟和鸟类之间的这些差异很可能是在导致现代海龟的血统分化之后出现的。
During embryonic development, amniotes typically form outgrowths from the medial sides of the maxillary prominences called palatal shelves or palatine processes. In mammals the shelves fuse in the midline and form a bony hard palate that completely separates the nasal and oral cavities. In birds and lizards, palatine processes develop but remain unfused, leaving a natural cleft. Adult turtles do not possess palatine processes and unlike other amniotes, the internal nares open into the oral cavity. Here we investigate craniofacial ontogeny in the turtle, Emydura subglobosa to determine whether vestigial palatine processes develop and subsequently regress, or whether development fails entirely. We found that the primary palate in turtles develops similarly to other amniotes, but secondary palate ontogeny diverges. Using histology, cellular dynamics and in situ hybridization we found no evidence of palatine process development at any time during ontogeny of the face in the turtle. Furthermore, detailed comparisons with chicken embryos (the model organism most closely related to turtles from a molecular phylogeny perspective), we identified differences in proliferation and gene expression patterns that correlate with the differences in palate morphology. We propose that, in turtles, palatine process outgrowth is never initiated due to a lack of mesenchymal bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression in the maxillary mesenchyme, which in turn fails to induce the relatively higher cellular proliferation required for medial tissue outgrowth. It is likely that these differences between turtles and birds arose after the divergence of the lineage leading to modern turtles.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Baek JA;Lan Y;Liu H;Maltby KM;Mishina Y;Jiang R
通讯作者：
Jiang R
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Gilbert, SF;Loredo, GA;Burke, AC
通讯作者：
Burke, AC
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Handrigan, Gregory R.;Leung, Kelvin J.;Richman, Joy M.
通讯作者：
Richman, Joy M.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bonilla-Claudio, Margarita;Wang, Jun;Martin, James F.
通讯作者：
Martin, James F.
影响因子：
3
作者：
FERGUSON, MWJ
通讯作者：
FERGUSON, MWJ