Relationship Between Gender and Psychotic Symptoms in Cocaine-Dependent and Methamphetamine-Dependent Participants
Relationship Between Gender and Psychotic Symptoms in Cocaine-Dependent and Methamphetamine-Dependent Participants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.genm.2010.09.003
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Newton, Thomas F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mahoney, James J., III;Hawkins, Rollin Y.;Newton, Thomas F.
背景：有充分证据表明，使用可卡因和甲基苯丙胺可导致类似于精神分裂症的精神病症状的发作。然而，关于性别差异和兴奋剂诱发的精神病的研究和文献混杂在一起。 目的：本研究的主要目的是调查可卡因依赖者与甲基苯丙胺依赖者在报告精神病症状方面的性别差异。方法：通过广播和报纸广告从加利福尼亚州洛杉矶社区招募参与者。所有人都符合《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第四版可卡因或甲基苯丙胺依赖的标准，并且所有人都报告甲基苯丙胺或可卡因是其主要滥用药物。在筛选访谈中，参与者回答了精神病症状评估量表中的问题，该量表描述了吸毒期间（“吸毒期间”）或不吸毒期间（“戒断期间”）各种类型的精神病症状。 结果：参与者包括 42 名可卡因依赖者（27 名男性，15 名女性）和 43 名甲基苯丙胺依赖者（25 名男性，18 名女性）。在可卡因使用者中，男性和女性在种族、使用年限、给药途径和过去一周使用量方面没有显着差异，但在年龄方面存在显着差异（P = 0.029）。在“禁欲期间”的情况下，女性比男性更有可能报告出现幻听（分别为 13% vs 0%；P = 0.050）和触觉幻觉（20% vs 0%；P = 0.016），而男性则更有可能报告出现幻觉（48% vs 6%；P = 0.006）。在“兴奋时”状态下，女性比男性更容易出现妄想（分别为 13% vs 0%；P = 0.050）、触觉幻觉（33% vs 0%；P = 0.001）和幻嗅（13% vs 0%；P = 0.050）。在甲基苯丙胺使用者中，男性和女性在年龄、种族、使用年限、给药途径或过去一周的使用量方面没有显着差异。在“禁欲期间”的情况下，女性比男性更有可能感觉自己身体的某个部位看起来有问题（分别为72% vs 32%；P = 0.009）、幻嗅（39% vs 8%；P = 0.010）和着装不当（22% vs 0%；P = 0.010）。在“兴奋时”状态下，女性比男性更有可能出现妄想症（分别为 33% vs 16%；P = 0.030）、偏执狂（50% vs 16%；P = 0.017）和触觉幻觉（61% vs 32%；P = 0.050）。 结论：本研究的结果表明，可卡因和甲基苯丙胺依赖女性比男性更有可能报告出现各种精神病症状。这些信息可能对临床医生和心理健康专业人员有用，他们应该将这些症状视为可能阻碍有效治疗的潜在障碍。 (Gend Med. 2010;7:414-421) (C) 2010 Excerpta Medica Inc.
Background: It has been well documented that cocaine and methamphetamine use can lead to the onset of psychotic symptoms similar to schizophrenia. However, the research and literature on gender differences and stimulant-induced psychosis have been mixed.Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the reporting of psychotic symptoms in cocaine- versus methamphetamine-dependent individuals.Methods: Participants were recruited from the Los Angeles, California, community via radio and newspaper advertisements. All met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for cocaine or methamphetamine dependence, and all reported either methamphetamine or cocaine as their primary drug of abuse. During a screening interview, participants answered questions from the Psychotic Symptom Assessment Scale, which characterizes various types of psychotic symptoms during drug use ("while high") or during periods of nonuse ("while abstinent").Results: Participants included 42 cocaine-dependent individuals (27 men, 15 women) and 43 methamphetamine-dependent individuals (25 men, 18 women). Among cocaine users, there were no significant differences between men and women with regard to ethnicity, years of use, route of administration, and amount used in the past week, though they differed significantly with regard to age (P = 0.029). In the "while abstinent" condition, women were significantly more likely than men to report experiencing auditory hallucinations (13% vs 0%, respectively; P = 0.050) and tactile hallucinations (20% vs 0%; P = 0.016), whereas men were more likely to report delusions of grandeur (48% vs 6%; P = 0.006). During the "while high" condition, women were significantly more likely than men to report delusions of grandeur (13% vs 0%, respectively; P = 0.050), tactile hallucinations (33% vs 0%; P = 0.001), and olfactory hallucinations (13% vs 0%; P = 0.050). Among methamphetamine users, there were no significant differences between men and women with regard to age, ethnicity, years of use, route of administration, or amount used in the past week. In the "while abstinent" condition, women were significantly more likely than men to report feeling that something was wrong with the way a part of their body looked (72% vs 32%, respectively; P = 0.009), olfactory hallucinations (39% vs 8%; P = 0.010) and dressing inappropriately (22% vs 0%; P = 0.010). During the "while high" condition, women were more likely than men to report delusions of grandeur (33% vs 16%, respectively; P = 0.030), paranoia (50% vs 16%; P = 0.017), and tactile hallucinations (61% vs 32%; P = 0.050).Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that cocaine- and methamphetamine-dependent women were more likely than their male counterparts to report experiencing various psychotic symptoms. This information may be useful for clinicians and mental health professionals, who should take these symptoms into account as potential barriers that may impede effective treatment. (Gend Med. 2010;7:414-421) (C) 2010 Excerpta Medica Inc.