Energy Management of Data Centers Powered by Fuel Cells and Heterogeneous Energy Storage
Energy Management of Data Centers Powered by Fuel Cells and Heterogeneous Energy Storage
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DOI：
10.1109/icc.2018.8422876
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xiaoxuan Hu;Peng Li;Kun Wang;Yanfei Sun;Deze Zeng;Song Guo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaoxuan Hu;Peng Li;Kun Wang;Yanfei Sun;Deze Zeng;Song Guo
燃料电池具有高能效、低温室气体排放和高可靠性等优点，是绿色数据中心的理想电源。然而，燃料电池具有称为有限负载跟随的独特特征，即，由于燃料输送的机械限制，它们在调节电力供应方面很慢。当数据中心的电力需求突然增长时，燃料电池将无法提供足够的电力供应。另一方面，当需求减少时，燃料电池减少其电力供应的速度很慢，导致能源浪费。在本文中，我们研究，以减轻有限的负载的影响，以下相关联的一组异质电池与燃料电池。这些具有不同特性的电池（例如，容量、充电和放电速率）可以在燃料电池的能量供应不足时为数据中心供电。当需求减少时，它们会因过度供电而充电。给定未来的电力需求，我们制定的能源管理问题作为一个混合整数非线性规划。设计了一个在线算法来解决问题，没有未来的知识。我们进行了广泛的模拟使用真实世界的痕迹和结果表明，我们提出的算法显着优于现有的解决方案。
Fuel cells are promising power sources for green data centers thanks to its high energy-efficiency, low greenhouse gas emissions and high reliability. However, fuel cells have a unique feature called limited load following, i.e., they are slow in adjusting power supply due to mechanical limitation of fuel delivery. When power demand of data centers suddenly grows, fuel cells would fail to provide sufficient power supply. On the other hand, fuel cells are slow to reduce its power supply when demand decreases, leading to energy waste. In this paper, we study to mitigate the impact of limited load following by associating a set of heterogeneous batteries with fuel cells. These batteries with different characteristics (e.g., capacity, charging and discharging rate) can power data centers when the energy supply of fuel cells is insufficient. They are charged by excessive power supply when demand decreases. Given future power demand, we formulate the energy management problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming. An online algorithm is designed to solve the problem without future knowledge. We conduct extensive simulations using real-world traces and results show that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing solutions.