PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELITE FEMALE DISTANCE RUNNER
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELITE FEMALE DISTANCE RUNNER
复制标题
DOI：
10.1055/s-2008-1025717
复制
发表时间：
1987-11-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
PATE, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MORGAN, WP;OCONNOR, PJ;PATE, RR
多年来，人们已经认识到心理因素在长跑中起着重要作用，早期的研究表明，长跑运动员具有独特的心理特征(8)。这一发现在最近的研究中得到了重复（10），这两项研究中的跑步者都拥有积极的心理健康。据观察，这些跑步者在焦虑和抑郁等情感指标上的得分明显低于普通人群。另一个重要的观察结果是，优秀的男性长跑运动员采用一种被称为联想的认知策略，这种感知方式的功效已在代谢方面得到证实（10）。然而，现有的研究仅限于男性运动员。虽然没有令人信服的理论依据来假设优秀的女性长跑运动员会与男性长跑运动员不同，但关于优秀女性长跑运动员的心理特征的研究却完全缺乏。赢得金牌和没有排名之间的差别通常很小。例如，1986年在日本神户举行的世界大学生运动会中，女子3000米冠军的成绩是9分02秒75，第二名和第三名的成绩分别是9分02秒92和9分03秒19。换句话说，金牌与银牌或铜牌之间的差别微乎其微。7 - 1。百分之四十四秒。此外，没有获得名次的第四名选手比金牌得主落后半秒。很可能这些跑步者具有相似的生理特征，而且在任何给定的比赛中，完成比赛的顺序也可能是相反的。换句话说，在任何一天，许多心理因素都可能影响跑步者的速度、对努力程度的感知、认知策略和表现。本研究旨在探讨优秀女子长跑运动员的心理特征。
It has been recognized for many years that psychological factors play an important role in distance running and earlier research has shown that distance runners possess a unique psychological profile (8). This finding has been replicated in more recent research (10), and the runners in both of these studies possessed positive mental health. These runners have been observed to score substantially lower than the general population on affective measures such as anxiety and depression. Another important observa tion has been that elite male distance runners employ a cognitive strategy known as association, and the efficacy of this perceptual style has been documented metabolically (10). The existing research, however, has been restricted to the male athlete. While there is not a compelling theoreti-cal rationale for assuming that elite female distance runners would differ from male runners, there is a complete absence of researth dealing with the psychological characterization of the elite female runner.The difference between winning a gold medal and not placing is often very small. Inthe 1986 World University Games held in Kobe, Japan, for example, the winner of the women's 3000 m had a time of 9: 02.75, and the second and third place finishers had times of 9: 02.92 and 9: 03.19, respectively. In other words, the difference between a gold medal and a silver or bronze medal was a mere. 1 7—. 44 hundreths of a second. Furthermore, the fourth runner who did not place was a half second behind the gold medalist. It is probable that these individual runners possess comparable physiologic characteristics, and it is also likely that the order of finish could be reversed during any given competition. In other words, numerous factors of a psychologic nature might influence a runner's pace, perception of effort, cognitive straty, and performance on any given day. The purpose of the present investigation was topresent a psychological characterization of the elite female distance runner.