Carrot Eaters or Moving Heads: Inductive Inference Is Better Supported by Salient Features Than by Category Labels
Carrot Eaters or Moving Heads: Inductive Inference Is Better Supported by Salient Features Than by Category Labels
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797611429133
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng, Wei (Sophia);Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
词语是如何影响概括的？这些影响在发展过程中是如何变化的？一种理论认为，即使在发育的早期，语言标签就起着类别标记的作用，因此与它们所代表的刺激的特征是不同的。另一种理论认为，在发育早期，标签与其他特征类似，但它们可能在发育过程中成为类别标记。我们在4- 5岁儿童和成人的两个实验中解决了这个问题。在这两个实验中，参与者都执行了分类任务（预测类别标签）和归纳任务（预测缺失的特征）。在后一项任务中，类别标签与一个高度显著的特征对立，因此对标签的依赖和对显著特征的依赖会导致不同的反应模式。结果表明，儿童在进行归纳时依赖于显著特征，而许多成人在进行归纳时依赖于类别标签。这些结果表明，在发育早期，标签只不过是特征，但在发育过程中，它们可能成为类别标记。
How do words affect generalization, and how do these effects change during development? One theory posits that even early in development, linguistic labels function as category markers and thus are different from the features of the stimuli they represent. Another theory holds that early in development, labels are akin to other features, but that they may become category markers in the course of development. We addressed this issue in two experiments with 4-to 5-year-olds and adults. In both experiments, participants performed a categorization task (in which they predicted a category label) and an induction task (in which they predicted a missing feature). In the latter task, the category label was pitted against a highly salient feature, such that reliance on the label and reliance on the salient feature would result in different patterns of responses. Results indicated that children relied on the salient feature when performing induction, whereas many adults relied on the category label. These results suggest that early in development, labels are no more than features, but that they may become category markers in the course of development.