STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE - THEIR AUTOMATIC AND CONTROLLED COMPONENTS
STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE - THEIR AUTOMATIC AND CONTROLLED COMPONENTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
DEVINE, PG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DEVINE, PG
三项研究测试的基本假设来自一个理论模型的基础上分离的自动和控制过程中涉及的偏见。研究1支持了该模型的假设，即高偏见和低偏见的人同样了解文化刻板印象。该模型表明，刻板印象是自动激活的存在下的一个成员（或一些象征性的等价物）的刻板印象组和低偏见的反应需要控制抑制的自动激活的刻板印象。研究2检验了自动刻板印象激活对一个种族不明的人进行的模糊刻板印象相关行为的评价的影响，表明当被试有意识地监测刻板印象激活的能力被排除时，高偏见和低偏见的被试都会对模糊行为产生刻板印象一致的评价。研究3考察了高偏见和低偏见被试在有意识指导的思维清单任务中的反应。与模型一致，只有低偏见的主题抑制自动激活的刻板印象一致的想法，并取代他们的想法反映平等和否定的刻板印象。刻板印象和偏见之间的关系和偏见减少的影响进行了讨论。
Three studies tested basic assumptions derived from a theoretical model based on the dissociation of automatic and controlled processes involved in prejudice. Study 1 supported the model's assumption that high-and low-prejudice persons are equally knowledgeable of the cultural stereotype. The model suggests that the stereotype is automatically activated in the presence of a member (or some symbolic equivalent) of the stereotyped group and that low-prejudice responses require controlled inhibition of the automatically activated stereotype. Study 2, which examined the effects of automatic stereotype activation on the evaluation of ambiguous stereotype-relevant behaviors performed by a race-unspecified person, suggested that when subjects' ability to consciously monitor stereotype activation is precluded, both high-and low-prejudice subjects produce stereotype-congruent evaluations of ambiguous behaviors. Study 3 examined high-and low-prejudice subjects' responses in a consciously directed thought-listing task. Consistent with the model, only low-prejudice subjects inhibited the automatically activated stereotype-congruent thoughts and replaced them with thoughts reflecting equality and negations of the stereotype. The relation between stereotypes and prejudice and implications for prejudice reduction are discussed.