The Importance of Motor Skills for Development.
The Importance of Motor Skills for Development.
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DOI：
10.1159/000511511
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hoch, Justine E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adolph, Karen E;Hoch, Justine E
运动技能对发展很重要。婴儿所做的一切都涉及运动技能--姿势、运动和手动动作;探索性动作;社会互动;以及与人工制品的动作。换句话说，所有的行为都是运动行为，因此运动技能的获得与行为发展是同义词。基本运动技能的年龄规范为“典型”发展提供了有用的诊断，但育儿实践中的文化差异影响技能起始年龄。无论何时出现，运动技能都会通过开辟新的学习机会为发展奠定基础。姿势控制将环境的新部分带入视野和范围;运动使更大的世界变得可及;手工技能促进与物体的新形式互动;涉及身体每个部位的运动技能增加了社会互动的机会。因此，运动技能可以在远离运动行为的领域--感知和认知、语言和交流、情感表达和调节、身体发育和健康等--引发一连串的发展。婴儿学会根据身体和环境的变化调整行为，并发现或构建新的手段来实现目标。
Motor skills are important for development. Everything infants do involves motor skills - postural, locomotor, and manual actions; exploratory actions; social interactions; and actions with artifacts. Put another way, all behavior is motor behavior, and thus motor skill acquisition is synonymous with behavioral development. Age norms for basic motor skills provide useful diagnostics for "typical" development, but cultural differences in child-rearing practices influence skill onset ages. Whenever they emerge, motor skills lay the foundation for development by opening up new opportunities for learning. Postural control brings new parts of the environment into view and into reach; locomotion makes the larger world accessible; manual skills promote new forms of interactions with objects; and motor skills involving every part of the body enhance opportunities for social interaction. Thus, motor skills can instigate a cascade of developments in domains far afield from motor behavior - perception and cognition, language and communication, emotional expression and regulation, physical growth and health, and so on. Finally, motor skill acquisition makes behavior increasingly functional and flexible. Infants learn to tailor behavior to variations in their body and environment and to discover or construct new means to achieve their goals.