Physical activity from walking and cycling for daily travel in the United States, 2001-2017: Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic variation
Physical activity from walking and cycling for daily travel in the United States, 2001-2017: Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic variation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jth.2019.100811
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Bauman, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buehler, Ralph;Pucher, John;Bauman, Adrian
导语：研究表明，步行和骑自行车是可持续的出行方式，有助于改善身心健康和社会健康。这些有据可查的好处证明了联邦、州和地方政府增加对美国步行和自行车基础设施和项目的投资是合理的，特别是自2000年以来。这项研究考察了2001-2017年间全国范围内、不同人群和地区的日常步行和骑行频率的增加程度。方法：使用2001年和2017年的全国家庭出行调查来估计人均步行和骑自行车的频率、持续时间和距离。合并了人和旅行文件，以计算每天达到步行和骑自行车三个不同阈值的流行率。采用Logistic回归计算各变量亚组(如性别)的患病率，同时控制影响步行和骑自行车的其他变量的影响。结果：从2001年到2017年，全国每日步行的比率略有上升，而骑自行车的比率保持不变。每年和随着时间的推移，人口、社会经济和空间都有很大的差异。步行和骑自行车在受过良好教育的人、汽车拥有量较低的家庭和高密度社区的居民中最高。步行和骑自行车在5-15岁的人中下降，而在16-44岁的人中增加。男性骑自行车的可能性是女性的三倍，而步行速度大致相同。结论：从2001年到2017年，全国步行和骑自行车的总速度没有实质性变化，这表明需要做更多的工作。美国一些城市的成功努力表明，随着基础设施、项目和政策的改善，步行和骑自行车变得更安全和更方便，活跃的旅行可以显著增加。这种努力应该在更大的全国范围内实施，以对美国人活跃的旅行盛行产生影响。
Introduction: Research shows that walking and cycling are sustainable means of travel that contribute to improved physical, mental, and social health. Those documented benefits justify the increased investment by federal, state, and local governments in walking and cycling infrastructure and programs in the United States, especially since 2000. This study examines to what extent daily walking and cycling rates have increased between 2001 and 2017, nationally and for subgroups and regions.Methods: The 2001, 2017 National Household Travel Surveys were used to estimate the frequency, duration, and distance of walking and cycling per capita. Person and trip files were merged to calculate the prevalence of achieving three different thresholds of minutes walking and cycling per day. Logistic regression was used to calculate prevalence rates for each variable subgroup (e.g. gender) while controlling for the effects of other variables influencing walking and cycling.Results: National rates of daily walking rose slightly from 2001 to 2017, while cycling rates remained unchanged. There was substantial demographic, socioeconomic, and spatial variation for each year and over time. Walking and cycling were highest among well-educated persons, households with low car ownership, and residents of high-density neighborhoods. Walking and cycling fell among 5-15 year-olds, while increasing among 16-44 year-olds. Men were three times as likely to cycle as women, while walking rates were roughly the same for men and women.Conclusions: National aggregate rates of walking and cycling have not changed substantially from 2001 to 2017, suggesting that much more needs to be done. Successful efforts of some American cities show that active travel can significantly increase with improved infrastructure, programs, and policies that make walking and cycling safer and more convenient. Such efforts should be implemented on a much greater, nationwide scale to have an impact on the prevalence of active travel among Americans.