Recovery of Burrowing Behavior After Spinal Cord Injury in the Larval Sea Lamprey
Recovery of Burrowing Behavior After Spinal Cord Injury in the Larval Sea Lamprey
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/711365
复制
发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Morgan, Jennifer R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katz, Hilary R.;Fouke, Kaitlyn E.;Morgan, Jennifer R.
创伤性脊髓损伤后，大多数哺乳动物无法实现大量的神经元再生，并且经常丧失运动功能。相比之下，七鳃鳗 (Petromyzon marinus) 幼体在受伤后 10-12 周内会自发恢复正常的游泳行为，这得到了脊髓轴突强劲再生的支持。虽然游泳行为的恢复已得到充分证实，但七鳃鳗恢复更复杂行为（例如挖洞）的能力尚不清楚。在这里，我们评估了七鳃鳗在功能恢复的典型时间过程（受伤后 1-11 周）内钻入沙底的能力。与未受伤的对照七鳃鳗快速且完全地挖洞相比，脊椎横断的动物直到受伤后两周才尝试挖洞；他们常常无法成功地将整个身体完全覆盖在沙子中。挖洞行为在受伤后逐渐改善，大多数动物在受伤后 9-11 周时部分或完全挖洞。挖洞行为有两个组成部分：最初的部分类似于游泳，伴随着身体的波动，最后的部分将尾巴拉到沙子下面。虽然在整个恢复期间，对照动物和脊柱横断动物之间初始成分的持续时间没有差异，但脊柱横断动物中最终成分的持续时间在所有测量的时间点上都显着更长。这些数据表明，脊髓损伤后，七鳃鳗能够恢复穴居行为，尽管一些缺陷仍然存在。
Following traumatic spinal cord injury, most mammalian species are unable to achieve substantial neuronal regeneration and often experience loss of locomotor function. In contrast, larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) spontaneously recover normal swimming behaviors by 10-12 weeks post-injury, which is supported by robust regeneration of spinal axons. While recovery of swimming behavior is well established, the lamprey's ability to recover more complex behaviors, such as burrowing, is unknown. Here we evaluated the lamprey's ability to burrow into a sand substrate over the typical time course of functional recovery (1-11 weeks post-injury). Compared to uninjured control lampreys, which burrow rapidly and completely, spinal-transected animals did not attempt burrowing until 2 weeks post-injury; and they often did not succeed in fully covering their entire body in the sand. Burrowing behavior gradually improved over post-injury time, with most animals burrowing partially or completely by 9-11 weeks post-injury. Burrowing behavior has two components: the initial component that resembles swimming with propagated body undulations and the final component that pulls the tail under the sand. While the duration of the initial component did not differ between control and spinal-transected animals across the entire recovery period, the duration of the final component in spinal-transected animals was significantly longer at all time points measured. These data indicate that, after spinal cord injury, lampreys are able to recover burrowing behaviors, though some deficits persist.