Creating woodland islets to reconcile ecological restoration, conservation, and agricultural land use
Creating woodland islets to reconcile ecological restoration, conservation, and agricultural land use
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DOI：
10.1890/070057
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Newton, Adrian C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benayas, Jose M. Rey;Bullock, James M.;Newton, Adrian C.
恢复计划试图解决广泛的森林砍伐和森林退化问题，但面临着实质性的问题。由于生物和非生物的限制，“被动恢复”，即废弃的农业用地经历二次演替，往往是缓慢的。“主动恢复”，主要通过植树来完成，如果要大面积恢复，可能会非常昂贵。我们建议将“林地小岛”作为在粗放农业景观中实现生态恢复的替代方法，特别是在低生产力环境中。这种方法包括种植许多小而密集的原生树木块，以增强生物多样性并提供一系列生态系统服务。如果周围的土地被废弃，小岛将成为林地物种和种子的来源，可以加速林地的发展。另外，如果周边地区被用于种植或放牧，这些小岛将增加土地的保护价值，并提供创收的潜力。在此，我们回顾了现有的林地恢复方法，并评价了林地岛方法的相对优势和劣势。
Restoration initiatives seek to address widespread deforestation and forest degradation, but face substantial problems. "Passive restoration", whereby abandoned agricultural land undergoes secondary succession, is often slow, owing to biotic and abiotic limitations. "Active restoration", chiefly accomplished by planting trees, can be very expensive if large areas are to be restored. We suggest "woodland islets" as an alternative way to achieve ecological restoration in extensive agricultural landscapes, particularly in low-productivity environments. This approach involves the planting of many small, dense blocks of native trees to enhance biodiversity and provide a range of ecosystem services. If the surrounding land is abandoned, the islets act as sources of woodland species and seed, which can accelerate woodland development. Alternatively, if the surrounding area is used for cultivation or pasture, the islets will increase the conservation value of the land and offer the potential for income generation. Here, we review existing approaches to woodland restoration and evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of the woodland islets approach.