Group Interaction among Scientists.
Group Interaction among Scientists.
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科学家之间的小组互动。
DOI：
10.1126/science.148.3669.447
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发表时间：
1965
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
P. Abelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Abelson
《科学》杂志为读者提供了一个展示和讨论与科学进步有关的重要问题的论坛，包括展示少数人或相互矛盾的观点，而不是只发表已经达成共识的材料。因此，所有发表在《科学》杂志上的文章——包括社论、新闻、评论和书评——都是署名的，反映的是作者的个人观点，而不是美国科学促进会或作者所属机构采用的官方观点。在适当的环境下，人类可以以极具建设性和有益的方式进行互动。大多数科学家需要，并在某种程度上接受，信息，帮助作出判断，以及来自他人的刺激。刺激可以由另一个人、一个小群体、一个大群体或整个社区提供。20年前或更早的时候，科学学会的全国性会议提供了这种必要的刺激。许多人还记得，在这样的会议结束后，他们充满了热情和新想法。今天的大型会议远没有那么鼓舞人心。事实上，有些是完全令人沮丧的。相比之下，小型的闭门座谈会往往令人振奋。在最近的一次这样的聚会上，我发现与会者几乎都很兴奋。他们得到了强烈的智力满足。他们玩得很开心。这样的场合实在是太少了。当科学团体在摸索改进会议的方法时，个人通过与另一位科学家的联系，或通过作为一个小团体的一部分的活动，找到了他们所需的大部分刺激。这种互动可以增强动机，它们还可以提供对创造力至关重要的其他因素。科学家在想法中找到兴奋，在争论和讨论中找到刺激。他们发现了理解和友好的共同纽带。在这个过程中，他们变得更有效率，更有创造力。判断力通常可以通过群体内部的互动来提高。一个人可能会对一个问题深思熟虑，但却无法成功地解决它，因为一些小的盲点——也许是缺乏一些知识，或者仅仅是分析上的小失误。对这个问题的讨论可以提供一个单一的项目，打开理解的新视野。一旦一个群体形成，一个特殊的微环境就会被创造出来。群体内的人相互影响的程度，与他们受整个世界影响的程度一样大，甚至更大。成员们经常感到……的价值体系。
Science serves its readers as a forum for the presentation and discussion of important issues related to the advancement of science, including the presentation of minority or conflicting points of view, rather than by publishing only material on which a consensus has been reached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science-including editorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of the authors and not official points of view adopted by the AAAS or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Given the right circumstances, human beings can interact in extremely constructive, helpful ways. Most scientists need, and to some degree receive, information, help in making judgments, and stimulus from others. The stimulus can be provided by another individual, by a small group, by a larger group, or by the general community. Twenty years ago and earlier, the national meetings of scientific societies provided much of this needed stimulus. Many can remember coming away from such meetings charged with enthusiasm and filled with new ideas. The huge meetings of today are not nearly so inspiring. Indeed, some are downright depressing. In contrast, small closed symposia often are exhilarating. At such a gathering recently I found participants almost euphoric. They were receiving intense intellectual satisfactions. They were having a special kind of fun. Such occasions come all too rarely. While scientific societies grope for means of improving their meetings, individuals are finding most of their needed stimulus through association with another scientist, or through activity as part of a small group. The interactions can enhance motivation, and they can provide other factors that are essential to creativity. Scientists find excitement in ideas, and stimulus in arguments and discussions. They discover common ties of understanding and amity. In the process they become more effective and creative. Judgment can usually be sharpened through interactions within a group. A man may think deeply about a problem but fail to cope with it successfully because of some small blind spot-the lack of some piece of knowledge, perhaps, or simply a slight failure in analysis. Discussion of the problem can provide the single item that opens new vistas of comprehension. Once a group is formed, a special microenvironment is created. Those within the group can influence each other as much as, or more than, they are influenced by the world at large. Members often come to feel that the value system of …