A hypothesis: the conjunction of soldiers, gas, pigs, ducks, geese and horses in Northern France during the Great War provided the conditions for the emergence of the "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918-1919
A hypothesis: the conjunction of soldiers, gas, pigs, ducks, geese and horses in Northern France during the Great War provided the conditions for the emergence of the "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918-1919
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.035
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发表时间：
2005-01-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Gill, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oxford, JS;Lambkin, R;Gill, D
1918年至1919年的流感大流行是一场灾难性的感染爆发，在18个月内全世界有超过5000万人死亡。起源问题很重要，因为目前大多数流感监测都集中在S. E。亚洲1957年和1968年，两种后来的大流行病毒在该地区出现。然而，我们提出的证据表明，一种新疾病的早期爆发，具有快速发病和传播性，1917年冬天在法国北部北方Etaples的英国大本营的年轻士兵中的高死亡率，至少到目前为止，最有可能是大流行起源的焦点。在埃塔普勒斯和阿尔德肖特军营工作的病理学家后来一致认为，这些早期在军营中爆发的疾病与1918年的流感感染浪潮是同一种疾病。埃塔普勒斯营地具有出现大流行性流感的必要因素，包括过度拥挤（每天有100，000名士兵换防）、生猪以及附近的活鹅、鸭和鸡市场，此外，还使用了100吨的24因子气体（其中一些具有诱变性），用于污染士兵和景观。1918年秋，全世界数百万士兵返回自己的家园，这是引发随后大流行的最后一个因素。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 was a cataclysmic outbreak of infection wherein over 50 million people died worldwide within 18 months. The question of the origin is important because most influenza surveillance at present is focussed on S.E. Asia. Two later pandernic viruses in 1957 and 1968 arose in this region. However we present evidence that early outbreaks of a new disease with rapid onset and spreadability, high mortality in young soldiers in the British base camp at Etaples in Northern France in the winter of 1917 is, at least to date, the most likely focus of origin of the pandemic. Pathologists working at Etaples and Aldershot barracks later agreed that these early outbreaks in army camps were the same disease as the infection wave of influenza in 1918.The Etaples camp had the necessary mixture of factors for emergence of pandernic influenza including overcrowding (with 100,000 soldiers daily changing), live pigs, and nearby live geese, duck and chicken markets, horses and an additional factor 24 gases (some of them mutagenic) used in large 100 ton quantities to contaminate soldiers and the landscape. The final trigger for the ensuing pandemic was the return of millions of soldiers to their homelands around the entire world in the autumn of 1918. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.