An associative-activation theory of children's and adults' memory illusions
An associative-activation theory of children's and adults' memory illusions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2008.10.002
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Plumpton, Shannon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howe, Mark L.;Wimmer, Marina C.;Plumpton, Shannon
通过三个实验考察了联想强度和主旨关系对儿童和成人真假记忆比率的影响。在两个实验和第三个实验中，5-11岁的儿童和大学年龄的成年人参加了使用DRM和类别列表的标准Deese/Roediger-McDermott错误记忆任务，在第三个实验中，儿童记住了在联想强度和语义凝聚力方面不同的列表。结果表明：(1)真假记忆随年龄增长而增加；(2)所有年龄段的真实回忆均高于错误回忆；(3)在所有年龄段，错误记忆率由后向联结强度决定；(4)错误记忆随联结强度的变化而变化，但不受GIST操作(类别结构或GIST启动)的影响。在第三个实验中，GIST和联想强度均呈正交性变化，结果表明：(5)儿童的真实回忆受GIST操作(语义衔接)的影响；(6)错误回忆受后向联想强度的影响。这些发现是在错误记忆错觉和更广泛的记忆发展连续性模型的背景下讨论的。(C)2008 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
The effects of associative strength and gist relations on rates of children's and adults' true and false memories were examined in three experiments. Children aged 5-11 and university-aged adults participated in a standard Deese/Roediger-McDermott false memory task using DRM and category lists in two experiments and in the third, children memorized lists that differed in associative strength and semantic cohesion. In the first two experiments, half of the participants were primed before list presentation with gist-relevant cues and the results showed that: (1) both true and false memories increased with age, (2) true recall was higher than false recall for all ages, (3) at all ages, false memory rates were determined by backward associative strength, and (4) false memories varied predictably with changes in associative strength but were unaffected by gist manipulations (category structure or gist priming). in the third experiment, both gist and associative strength were varied orthogonally and the results showed that regardless of age, children's (5) true recall was affected by gist manipulations (semantic cohesion) and (6) false recall was affected by backward associative strength. These findings are discussed in the context of models of false memory illusions and continuities in memory development more generally. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.