The Information Deficit Model and Climate Change Communication
The Information Deficit Model and Climate Change Communication
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信息赤字模型与气候变化沟通
DOI：
10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.301
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Suldovsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Suldovsky
尽管科学界已达成共识，但许多公众对于人为气候变化的存在和后果仍然存在分歧。气候变化传播以及更广泛的科学传播的一种流行方法是信息赤字模型。赤字模型假设科学家和公众之间的差距是由于缺乏信息或知识造成的。作为弥补这一差距的一种方法，赤字模型是一种单向沟通模型，信息从专家流向公众，以努力改变个人的态度、信仰或行为。反映赤字模型的气候变化传播方法包括网站、社交媒体、移动应用程序、新闻媒体、纪录片和电影、书籍以及科学出版物和技术报告。赤字模型因过于简单化和不准确地描述知识、态度、信仰和行为之间的关系而受到严厉批评，特别是对于气候变化等政治极化问题。即便如此，它仍然是气候变化传播研究和实践的一个组成部分。为了解决赤字模型的不足之处，学者和实践者经常利用其他形式的公众参与，包括情境模型、公众参与模型和非专业知识模型。每种公众参与方式都伴随着一系列独特的机遇和挑战。气候变化传播的未来工作应探索何时以及如何最有效地利用现有的公众参与模式。
Many publics remain divided about the existence and consequences of anthropogenic climate change despite scientific consensus. A popular approach to climate change communication, and science communication more generally, is the information deficit model. The deficit model assumes that gaps between scientists and the public are a result of a lack of information or knowledge. As a remedy for this gap, the deficit model is a one-way communication model where information flows from experts to publics in an effort to change individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. Approaches to climate change communication that reflect the deficit model include websites, social media, mobile applications, news media, documentaries and films, books, and scientific publications and technical reports. The deficit model has been highly criticized for being overly simplistic and inaccurately characterizing the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, particularly for politically polarized issues like climate change. Even so, it continues to be an integral part of climate change communication research and practice. In an effort to address the inadequacies of the deficit model, scholars and practitioners often utilize alternative forms of public engagement, including the contextual model, the public engagement model, and the lay expertise model. Each approach to public engagement carries with it a unique set of opportunities and challenges. Future work in climate change communication should explore when and how to most effectively use the models of public engagement that are available.