Effects of five macrophytes on nitrogen remediation and mass balance in wetland mesocosms
Effects of five macrophytes on nitrogen remediation and mass balance in wetland mesocosms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.04.034
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
M. Borin;M. Salvato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Borin;M. Salvato
5种水生植物，长穗苔草（Carex elata All.）(Cae)、灯心草Juncus effusus L. (Jue)、斑叶伤寒菌Typhoides arundinacea（L.）Moench（syn.草（Phalaris arundinacea L.）(Pha)变种picta、芦苇Phragmites australis（Cav.）Trin. (Phr)、宽叶香蒲Typha latifolia L. (Ty)，已经在饲养合成废水的中生态系统中生长，以获得氮平衡的信息并评估其减少氮的能力。该实验在2008-09年生长季节进行，重复四次，还包括未种植的对照。2008年，向填有砾石的围隔中注入105 ppm NO3-N和100 ppm NH 4-N的溶液，累积氮负荷为86 g/m2，2009年，浓度从104 ppm NO3-N和119 ppm NH 4-N增加到200 ppm NO3-N和207 ppm NH 4-N，累积氮负荷为222 g/m2。在实验结束时，收获植物，并确定沿着根系和砾石微生物群落中所含的N量的地上和地下生物量中的N含量。在第一个生长季（8个月），Ty去除TOT N 82 g/m2，占累积负荷的96%，其次是Cae（94%）、Jue（82%）、Pha（81%）、Phr（77%）和对照（48%）。在第二生长季（6个月），除珏外，所有植被处理的总有机氮去除率均有所提高，其中Pha处理的总有机氮去除率为216 g/m2，占总负荷的98%，其次是Phr和Ty（97%）、Cae（93%）、珏（75%）和对照（63%）。在高浓度氮胁迫下，雀麦的耐氮性较低。根据物种的不同，植物吸收了53-75%的两个季节的负载和分配51-83%的这个量的气生组织，显示收获的好处，以消除N从治疗部位，至少在中短期。氮平衡的应用允许气体损失被估计，给出的值范围从51 g/m2在Ty到114 g/m2在Pha，分别占总负荷的17%和37%。如果目标是从处理地点最终消除最大量的氮，则必须考虑在地上部分收获的氮和气体损失的总和。这一数值在Cae组中最大，两年中为227 g/m2。
Five macrophyte species, Carex elata All., (Cae), Juncus effusus L. (Jue), Typhoides arundinacea (L.) Moench (syn. Phalaris arundinacea L.) (Pha) var. picta, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. (Phr), and Typha latifolia L. (Ty), have been grown in mesocosms fed with a synthetic wastewater to acquire information on nitrogen balance and assess their capacity to abate nitrogen. The experiment, conducted during the growing seasons 2008–09 with four replicates, also included an unvegetated control. The mesocosms, filled with gravel, were fed with a solution of 105ppm of NO3–N and 100ppm of NH4–N in 2008 for a cumulative nitrogen load of 86g/m2and with increased concentration in 2009 from 104ppm of NO3–N and 119ppm NH4–N, to 200ppm of NO3–N and 207ppm of NH4–N for a cumulative nitrogen load of 222g/m2. At the end of the experiment plants were harvested and N content in the above and belowground biomass was determined along with the amount of N contained in the roots and gravel microbial communities. In the first growing season (8 months) Ty removed 82g/m2(96% of the cumulative load) of TOT N, followed by Cae (94%), Jue (82%), Pha (81%), Phr (77%) and the control (48%). In the second growing season (6 months) all the vegetated treatments, except Jue, increased their efficiency, with Pha removing 216g/m2(98% of the cumulative load) of TOT N, followed by Phr and Ty (97%), Cae (93%), Jue (75%) and the control (63%). Jue showed lower tolerance than the other species to high N concentration. Depending on the species, plants absorbed 53–75% of the two-seasons load and allocated 51–83% of this amount in the aerial tissues, showing the benefit of harvesting to remove N from the treatment site, at least in the medium short term. Application of the N balance allowed the gaseous losses to be estimated, giving values ranging from 51g/m2in Ty to 114g/m2in Pha, 17% and 37% of the total load respectively. If the target is the definitive elimination of the maximum amount of N from the treatment site, the sum of nitrogen harvested in the aerial part and the gaseous losses has to be considered. This value was maximum with Cae, with 227g/m2over the two years.